Cellulose and starch nanoparticles: Function and surface modifications for biomedical application

EVANGELINA REPETTO; CARLOS RODRIGUEZ RAMIREZ; VERONICA E. MANZANO; NANCY LIS GARCIA; NORMA D´ACCORSO

Polysaccharide Nanoparticles

Elsevier

Año: 2022; p. 615 - 664

In the last years, the use of polysaccharides in biomedical and biological application has received great attention. These materials, which derive from the biomass, arecheap, nontoxic, renewable, biodegradable, and compatible and can produce materials capable of being transferred on an industrial scale. On the other hand, the useof nanoparticles represents the utmost materials of preference for material engineering due to its excellent physiochemical properties.Starch and cellulose are polysaccharides abundant, renewable, with high strength stiffness, eco-friendliness, and lowcost, for application in the area of biomedicine. In this sense, it is important to highlight that the interaction of cell?biomaterial is governed by the wettability, topography, chemistry, surface charge, and/or the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophiliccharacter. All of them also contribute to the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the biomedical device.In order to improve these properties and reduce itslimitations, modifications of these polysaccharides are needed, either physically orchemically. Physical modifications include the association with other nanomaterials orbiopolymers yielding new nanohybrid materials for different applications. In contrast,chemical modifications include the substitution of the hydroxyl groups of the nanoparticle with other functional groups (etherification, esterification, sulfonation, phosphorylation, and amination), the variation of the distribution of functional groups (oxidation and cationization), or grafting side chains or crosslinking with small moleculesor other polymers.This chapter summarizes the most relevance advances in the usesand potential applications of starch and cellulose nanoparticles and their derivatives inbiomedicine. Their applications include, but are not limited to drug delivery devices,tissue engineering and antimicrobial activities.