TORO-MANRÍQUEZ, MÓNICA D.R.; HUERTAS HERRERA, ALEJANDRO; SOLER, ROSINA M.; LENCINAS, MARÍA V.; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO J.

Combined effects of tree canopy composition, landscape location, and growing season on Nothofagus forest seeding patterns in Southern Patagonia

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT; Año: 2023 vol. 529

BUSTAMANTE, G.N.; ARENA, M.E.; MOSQUERA, M.R.; SOLER, R.M.

Nothofagus antarctica seedling performance under the influence of Berberis microphylla shrubs with different grazing intensities in burned forests of Tierra del Fuego

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT; Año: 2023 vol. 529

RUGGIRELLO, MATTHEW JOSEPH; SOLER, ROSINA; BUSTAMANTE, GIMENA; LENCINAS, MARÍA VANESSA

Understory plant dynamics following a wildfire in southern Patagonia

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT; Año: 2023 vol. 527

SOLER, ROSINA; BUSTAMANTE, GIMENA; CRUZ-ALONSO, VERÓNICA; LENZNER, BERND; ESSL, FRANZ

Herbivores regulate native–alien plants dynamics in sub‐Antarctic beech ( Nothofagus antarctica ) forests of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE; Año: 2023 vol. 26

RUGGIRELLO, MATTHEW JOSEPH; BUSTAMANTE, GIMENA; RODRIGUEZ, PAULA; CRUZ-ALONSO, VERÓNICA; SOLER, ROSINA

Post-fire forest recovery at high latitudes: tree regeneration dominated by fire-adapted, early-seral species increases with latitude

Annals of Forest Science; Año: 2023 vol. 80

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO JOSÉ; CELLINI, JUAN M.; CHAVES, JIMENA E.; RODRÍGUEZ-SOUILLA, JULIÁN; BENITEZ, JULIETA; ROSAS, YAMINA M.; SOLER, ROSINA M.; LENCINAS, MARÍA V.; PERI, PABLO L.

Changes in forest structure modify understory and livestock occurrence along the natural cycle and different management strategies in Nothofagus antarctica forests

AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; Año: 2022 vol. 96 p. 1039 - 1052

SOLER, ROSINA; LENCINAS, MARÍA VANESSA; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; ROSAS, MICAELA YAMINA; BUSTAMANTE, GIMENA; ESPELTA, JOSEP MARIA

Forest regrowth in Tierra del Fuego, southern Patagonia: landscape drivers and effects on forest structure, soil, and understory attributes

REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; Año: 2022 vol. 22

ARPIGIANI, D.; CHILLO, V.; SOLER, R.; AMOROSO, M.M.

Differential response of natural regeneration to silvopastoral use intensity in mixed forests of northern Patagonia, Argentina

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT; Año: 2022 vol. 520

HACKET-PAIN, ANDREW; FOEST, JESSIE J.; PEARSE, IAN S.; LAMONTAGNE, JALENE M.; KOENIG, WALTER D.; VACCHIANO, GIORGIO; BOGDZIEWICZ, MICHA?; CAIGNARD, THOMAS; CELEBIAS, PAULINA; VAN DORMOLEN, JOEP; FERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ, MARCOS; MORIS, JOSE V.; PALAGHIANU, CIPRIAN; PESENDORFER, MARIO; SATAKE, AKIKO; SCHERMER, ELIANE; TANENTZAP, ANDREW J.; THOMAS, PETER A.; VECCHIO, DAVIDE; WION, ANDREAS P.; WOHLGEMUTH, THOMAS; XUE, TINGTING; ABERNETHY, KATHARINE; ARAVENA ACUÑA, MARIE-CLAIRE; DANIEL BARRERA, MARCELO; BARTON, JESSICA H.; BOUTIN, STAN; BUSH, EMMA R.; DONOSO CALDERÓN, SERGIO; CAREVIC, FELIPE S.; DE CASTILHO, CAROLINA VOLKMER; MANUEL CELLINI, JUAN; CHAPMAN, COLIN A.; CHAPMAN, HAZEL; CHIANUCCI, FRANCESCO; DA COSTA, PATRICIA; CROISÉ, LUC; CUTINI, ANDREA; DANTZER, BEN; JUSTIN DEROSE, R.; DIKANGADISSI, JEAN-THOUSSAINT; DIMOTO, EDMOND; DA FONSECA, FERNANDA LOPES; GALLO, LEONARDO; GRATZER, GEORG; GREENE, DAVID F.; HADAD, MARTÍN A.; HERRERA, ALEJANDRO HUERTAS; JEFFERY, KATHRYN J.; JOHNSTONE, JILL F.; KALBITZER, URS; KANTOROWIC

MASTREE+: Time-series of plant reproductive effort from six continents

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY; Año: 2022 vol. 28 p. 3066 - 3082

TORO-MANRÍQUEZ, MÓNICA D. R.; SOLER, ROSINA; HUERTAS HERRERA, ALEJANDRO; LENCINAS, MARÍA VANESSA; PROMIS, ÁLVARO; BLAZINA, ANA PAULA; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Inferring population dynamic trends of Nothofagus pumilio and N. betuloides in coastal and mountain forests of Tierra del Fuego: contrasting from flowering to seedling survival through several reproductive cycles

TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION; Año: 2021

BUSTAMANTE, GIMENA N.; SOLER, ROSINA M.; BLAZINA, ANA P.; ARENA, MIRIAM E.

Association between native tree sapling and spiny shrub mitigates browsing damage produced by large herbivores in fire-degraded forests

FLORA; Año: 2021 vol. 285

HUERTAS HERRERA, ALEJANDRO; TORO MANRÍQUEZ, MÓNICA; SOLER, ROSINA; LORENZO, CRISTIAN; LENCINAS, MARÍA VANESSA; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Assessing Socio-ecological Systems Using Social Media Data: An Approach for Forested Landscapes in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Social Indicators Research; Año: 2021

SOLER, ROSINA; LORENZO, CRISTIAN; GONZÁLEZ, JOEL; CARBONI, LUCAS; DELGADO, JUAN; DÍAZ, MAYRA; TORO MANRÍQUEZ, MÓNICA D.R.; ALEJANDRO, HUERTAS HERRERA

The politics behind scientific knowledge: Sustainable forest management in Latin America

FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS; Año: 2021 vol. 131

LENCINAS, MARÍA VANESSA; SOLER, ROSINA; CELLINI, JUAN MANUEL; BAHAMONDE, HÉCTOR; PÉREZ FLORES, MAGALÍ; MONELOS, LUCAS; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO JOSÉ; PERI, PABLO LUIS

Variation in alpine plant diversity and soil temperatures in two mountain landscapes of south patagonia

Diversity; Año: 2021 vol. 13

ARENA, MIRIAM E.; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARÍA VANESSA; SOLER, ROSINA; BUSTAMANTE, GIMENA

Changes in the leaf nutrient and pigment contents of Berberis microphylla G. Forst. in relation to irradiance and fertilization

Heliyon; Año: 2020 vol. 6

BUSTAMANTE, GIMENA NOEMÍ; SOLER, ROSINA; BLAZINA, ANA PAULA; ARENA, MIRIAM ELISABET

Fruit provision from Berberis microphylla shrubs as ecosystem service in Nothofagus forest of Tierra del Fuego

Heliyon; Año: 2020 vol. 6

SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; GOWDA, JUAN

¿Podremos manejar en forma sostenible nuestros bosques nativos?

ECOLOGÍA AUSTRAL; Lugar: Buenos Aires; Año: 2019 vol. 29 p. 119 - 121

TORO-MANRÍQUEZ, MÓNICA; SOLER, ROSINA; LENCINAS, MARÍA VANESSA; PROMIS, ÁLVARO

Canopy composition and site are indicative of mineral soil conditions in Patagonian mixed Nothofagus forests

ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE (PRINT); Año: 2019 vol. 76

SOLER, ROSINA; RUMPF, SABINE B.; SCHINDLER, STEFAN; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; BARRERA, MARCELO; CELLINI, JUAN MANUEL; FLORES, MAGALÍ PÉREZ; ESSL, FRANZ; RABITSCH, WOLFGANG; LENCINAS, MARÍA VANESSA

Twelve-year dynamics of alien and native understorey plants following variable retention harvesting in Nothofagus pumilio forests in Southern Patagonia

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT; Año: 2019 vol. 449

SOLER, ROSINA; PERI, PABLO LUIS; BAHAMONDE, HÉCTOR; GARGAGLIONE, VERÓNICA; ORMAECHEA, SEBASTIÁN; HUERTAS HERRERA, ALEJANDRO; SÁNCHEZ JARDÓN, LAURA; LORENZO, CRISTIAN; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Assessing Knowledge Production for Agrosilvopastoral Systems in South America

Rangeland Ecology and Management (ex JRM); Lugar: Boulder, Colorado; Año: 2018

SOLER, ROSINA; CHILLO, MARÍA VERÓNICA

Sinergias y antagonismos entre manejo agroforestal y conservación en paisajes multi-funcionales en Latinoamérica

Ecosistemas; Año: 2018 vol. 27 p. 1 - 3

BAHAMONDE, HÉCTOR A.; PASTUR, GUILLERMO MARTÍNEZ; LENCINAS, MARÍA V.; SOLER, ROSINA; ROSAS, YAMINA M.; LADD, BRENTON; GUARDIA, SANDRA DUARTE; PERI, PABLO L.

The relative importance of soil properties and regional climate as drivers of productivity in southern Patagonia’s Nothofagus antarctica forests

ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE (PRINT); Lugar: Paris; Año: 2018 vol. 75

SOLER, ROSINA; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; BUSTAMANTE, GIMENA; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Atributos de la regeneración natural de ñire (Nothofagus antarctica) en Tierra del Fuego: beneficios y perjuicios que genera el uso silvopastoril

Ecosistemas; Año: 2018 vol. 27 p. 41 - 47

PASTUR, GUILLERMO MARTÍNEZ; SOLER, ROSINA; LENCINAS, MARÍA V.; CELLINI, JUAN M.; PERI, PABLO L.

Long-term monitoring of thinning for silvopastoral purposes in Nothofagus antarctica forests of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Forest Systems; Año: 2018 vol. 27

BAHAMONDE, HECTOR; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; MONELOS, LUCAS; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; PERI, PABLO LUIS

Ten years of seed production and establishment of regeneration measurements in Nothofagus antarctica forests under different crown cover and quality sites, in Southern Patagonia

AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; Lugar: Berlin; Año: 2018 vol. 92 p. 623 - 635

SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; CHILLO, MARÍA VERÓNICA

Sinergias y antagonismos entre manejo agroforestal y conservación en paisajes multi-funcionales en Latinoamérica

Ecosistemas; Año: 2018

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; JUAN MANUEL CELLINI; BARRERA, MARCELO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; PERI, PABLO LUIS

Influencia de factores bióticos y abióticos en el crecimiento de la regeneración pre- y post-cosecha en un bosque de Nothofagus pumilio

BOSQUE (VALDIVIA); Lugar: Valdivia; Año: 2017 vol. 38 p. 247 - 257

SOLER, ROSINA; ESPELTA, JOSEP MARIA; LENCINAS, MARÍA V.; PERI, PABLO L.; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Masting has different effects on seed predation by insects and birds in antarctic beech forests with no influence of forest management

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT; Año: 2017 vol. 400 p. 173 - 180

MESTRE, LUCIANA; TORO-MANRÍQUEZ, MÓNICA; SOLER, ROSINA; HUERTAS-HERRERA, ALEJANDRO; MARTÍNEZ-PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARÍA VANESSA

The influence of canopy-layer composition on understory plant diversity in southern temperate forests

Forest Ecosystems; Año: 2017 vol. 4

TORO MANRÍQUEZ, MÓNICA; MESTRE, LUCIANA; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; ÁLVARO PROMIS; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE

Flowering and seeding patterns in pure and mixed Nothofagus forests in Southern Patagonia

Ecological Processes; Año: 2016 vol. 5 p. 21 - 33

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; IVANCICH, HORACIO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; BAHAMONDE, HECTOR; PERI, PABLO LUIS

Effectiveness of fencing and hunting to control Lama guanicoe browsing damage: Implications for Nothofagus pumilio regeneration in harvested forests

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2016 p. 165 - 174

SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; SCHINDLER, STEFAN; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; PERI, PABLO LUIS; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Why biodiversity increases after variable retention harvesting: A metaanalysis for southern Patagonian forests

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT; Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2016 p. 161 - 169

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; PERI, PABLO LUIS; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; SCHINDLER, STEFAN; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA

Biodiversity potential of Nothofagus forests in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina): tool proposal for regional conservation planning

BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION; Lugar: Berlin; Año: 2016 vol. 25 p. 1843 - 1862

PERI, PABLO LUIS; BAHAMONDE, HECTOR; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; GARGAGLIONE, VERÓNICA; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; ORMAECHEA, SEBASTIÁN; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

A review of silvopastoral systems in native forests of Nothofagus antarctica in southern Patagonia, Argentina

AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; Lugar: Berlin; Año: 2016 vol. 90 p. 933 - 960

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; HUERTAS HERRERA, ALEJANDRO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; PERI, PABLO LUIS

Linking biodiversity and ecosystem services in silvopastoral managed forests of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management; Año: 2016

PERI, PABLO LUIS; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; BOUSSON, JEFFREY; LASAGNO, ROMINA; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; BAHAMONDE, HECTOR; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

PEBANPA Network: biodiversity and ecological long-term plots in southern Patagonia

JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION; Año: 2016 vol. 34 p. 51 - 64

SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; SCHINDLER, STEFAN; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; PERI, PABLO LUIS; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Retention forestry in southern Patagonia: multiple environmental impacts and their temporal trends

INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW; Año: 2015 vol. 17 p. 231 - 243

SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; PERI, PABLO LUIS

Mistletoes and epiphytic lichens contribute to litter input in Nothofagus antarctica forests

ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY; Año: 2015 p. 11 - 17

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; GALLO, EMILCE; DE CRUZ, GUSTAVO; BORLA, MA. LAURA; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; ANDERSON, CHRISTOPHER

Habitat-specific vegetation and seasonal drivers of bird community structure and function in southern Patagonian forests

COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; Lugar: Budapest; Año: 2015 p. 55 - 65

LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; KREPS, GASTÓN; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; PERI, PABLO LUIS; PORTA, ANDRÉS; RAMÍREZ, MARTÍN; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Neochelanops michaelseni (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae) as a potential bioindicator in managed and unmanaged Nothofagus forests of Tierra del Fuego

JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY; Lugar: Nueva York; Año: 2015 vol. 43 p. 406 - 412

TORRES, ANA DELIA; JUAN MANUEL CELLINI; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; BARRERA, MARCELO; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; DÍAZ-DELGADO, RICARDO; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Seed production and recruitment in primary and harvested Nothofagus pumilio forests: Influence of regional climate and years after cuttings

Forest Systems; Lugar: Madrid; Año: 2015 vol. 24 p. 2 - 6

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE; JUAN MANUEL CELLINI; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; PERI, PABLO LUIS; NEYLAND, MARK

Survival and growth of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings under several microenvironments after variable retention harvesting in southern Patagonian forests

ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE (PRINT); Lugar: Paris; Año: 2014 p. 349 - 362

HENN, JONATHAN JEFFREY; ANDERSON, CHRISTOPHER; KREPS, GASTÓN; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO

Determining abiotic and biotic factors that limit transplanted Nothofagus pumilio seedling success in abandoned beaver meadows in Tierra del Fuego

Ecological Restoration; Lugar: Wisconsin; Año: 2014 vol. 32 p. 369 - 378

SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; ROSSENFELD, MAURICIO

Variable retention management influence over biomass of epiphytic lichen and mistletoe in Nothofagus pumilio South Patagonian forests

New Zealand Journal of Botany; Lugar: Auckland; Año: 2014 vol. 2 p. 224 - 235

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE; PULIDO, FERNANDO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA

Variable retention harvesting influences biotic and abiotic drivers of regeneration in Nothofagus pumilio southern Patagonian forests

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT; Año: 2013 vol. 289 p. 106 - 114

SOLER, ROSINA MATILDE; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; PERI, PABLO LUIS; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; PULIDO, FERNANDO

Are silvopastoral systems compatible with forest regeneration? An integrative approach in southern Patagonia

AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; Año: 2013

SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; BORRELLI, LAURA

Seasonal diet of Lama guanicoe (Camelidae: Artiodactyla) in a heterogeneous landscape of South Patagonia

BOSQUE (VALDIVIA); Lugar: Valdivia; Año: 2013 vol. 34 p. 129 - 141

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; JORDAN, CAMILA; SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; IVANCICH, HORACIO; KREPS, GASTÓN

Landscape and microenvironmental conditions influence over regeneration dynamics in old-growth Nothofagus betuloides Southern Patagonian forests

PLANT BIOSYSTEMS; Lugar: Londres; Año: 2012 vol. 146 p. 201 - 213

IVANCICH, HORACIO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE; HERNÁNDEZ, LUIS; LINDSTROM, IVONE

Foliar anatomical and morphological variation in Nothofagus pumilio seedlings under controlled irradiance and soil moisture levels

TREE PHYSIOLOGY; Año: 2012 vol. 5 p. 554 - 564

SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; BORRELLI, LAURA

Differential forage use between large native and domestic herbivores in Southern Patagonian Nothofagus forests

AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; Año: 2012 vol. 85 p. 397 - 409

SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; MORETTO, ALICIA; PERI, PABLO LUIS

Above- and below-ground nutrient tissue concentration and leaf pigment changes in Patagonian woody seedlings grown under light and soil moisture gradients

JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION; Lugar: Londres; Año: 2011 vol. 34 p. 2222 - 2236

MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE; IVANCICH, HORACIO; PERI, PABLO LUIS; MORETTO, ALICIA; HERNÁNDEZ, LUIS; LINDSTROM, IVONE

Plasticidad ecofisiológica de plántulas de Nothofagus pumilio frente a combinaciones de niveles de luz y humedad en el suelo

ECOLOGÍA AUSTRAL; Lugar: Buenos Aires; Año: 2011 p. 301 - 315

SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, GUILLERMO; LENCINAS, MARIA VANESSA; PERI, PABLO LUIS

Flowering and seeding patterns in primary, secondary and silvopastoral managed Nothofagus antarctica forests in South Patagonia

New Zealand Journal of Botany; Lugar: London, UK; Año: 2010 vol. 48 p. 63 - 73

GUILLERMO MARTÍNEZ PASTUR; MARÍA VANESSA LENCINAS; JUAN MANUEL CELLINI; PABLO LUIS PERI; ROSINA SOLER ESTEBAN

Timber management with variable retention in Nothofagus pumilio forests of Southern Patagonia

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT; Año: 2009 vol. 258 p. 436 - 443

JORGELINA CANESINI; ROSINA M. SOLER ESTEBAN; ANDRÉS A. PAUTASSO; CELESTE MEDRANO

Dieta de Cerdocyon thous (Carnivora: Canidae), en un arroyo del Valle del río Paraná, Santa Fe, Argentina

FACENA; Lugar: Corrientes; Año: 2008 p. 13 - 21

SOLER ESTEBAN, ROSINA MATILDE

Gigante de las Yungas argentinas: el tapir

Ecologica; Lugar: Santa Fe; Año: 2004 vol. 1 p. 24 - 26