Mitigation of Acute Seizures and Neuropathology after Traumatic Brain Injury by Structure-Based Discovery-Identified Drugs

KAJEVU, NATALLIE; BANUELOS, IVETTE; ANDRADE, PEDRO; HÄMÄLÄINEN, ELINA; SABATIER, LAUREANO; COUYOUPETROU, MANUEL; VILLALBA, MARÍA LUISA; GAVERNET, LUCIANA; LIPPONEN, ANSSI; NATUNEN, TEEMU; PUHAKKA, NOORA; HILTUNEN, MIKKO; TALEVI, ALAN; PITKÄNEN, ASLA

JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA.

MARY ANN LIEBERT INC

Lugar: New York; Año: 2025

0897-7151

Our objective was to test the hypothesis that structure-based identified or designed compounds exhibiting neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro will mitigate early seizures and neuropathology after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in vivo. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of 11 compounds identified by computer-assisted approximations were tested in vitro in neuronal microglial cocultures. Among these, compound FBA exhibited the best neuroprotective (MAP-2, microtubule-associatedprotein 2, a neuronal damage biomarker), antioxidative (nitrite production), and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro (all p < 0.01). Consequently, its neuroprotective and antiseizure effects were assessed in vivo in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to severe lateral fluid-percussion-induced TBI. Rats under continuous video-electroencephalogram monitoring received prophylactic treatment with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of FBA (FBApro, 30 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH, 48% PEG in 0.9% saline, 3 mL/kg) at 2 and 24 h post-TBI. Rats that developed status epilepticus received 1–2 additional on-demand FBA doses (FBApro+, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) to stop epileptiform activity. FBApro treatment reduced the cortical lesion area (18.9 – 4.1 mm2 , n = 7) compared with VEH treatment (24.8 – 5.7 mm2 , n = 10, p < 0.05). FBApro treatment also showed a favorable effect on the white matter by reducing plasma levels of pNF-H, a biomarker of axonal injury, compared with VEH treatment (Cohen’s delta 0.657). Both FBApro (368 – 407 s) and FBApro+ (256 – 327 s) treatments reduced the average cumulative seizure duration compared with VEH (896 – 703 s, both p < 0.05). The FBApro+ treatment regimen also reduced the mean relative theta and alpha power and increased the mean relative gamma power in the electroencephalogram (p < 0.05). Our data identified FBA as a novel structurebased discovered compound with promising favorable effects on structural and functional recovery afterTBI.