"Social and Behavioral Sciences under Dictatorship"

KIRTCHIK, OLESSIA; HEREDIA, MARIANA

International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2nd edition)

Elsevier

Lugar: Oxford; Año: 2015; p. 139 - 146

Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and elsewhere in the postcolonial world accompanied the crisis of tradition and development of modernity as an alternative to liberal democracy. Dictatorships have thoroughly affected the history of SBS pursuing a policy of repression and control and, sometimes, encouraging a growth of various social science disciplines. The lack of intellectual and institutional autonomy is generally endured, though to different degrees and in different aspects, by SBS under dictatorship. Throughout the comparison of national cases, the paper analyses the relation between SBS and authoritarian regimes specially in Latin America and Eastern Europe.