Who and how? Indigenous taxes during the 17th Century in Charcas (actual Bolivia)

GIL MONTERO, RAQUEL

Munster

Congreso; 52nd Biennial Meeting of German Historians; 2018

In the Peruvian Viceroyalty, indigenous taxation changed over the years during colonial times. The Government of Viceroy Toledo is considered a starting point in this regard: according to his classification, there were three different types of tributaries, naturales, mitimaes and yanaconas. Naturales and mitimaes were those living under ethnic authorities in indigenous villages that he organized. Yanaconas, on the other hand, were those living outside those villages, without ethnic ties. All of them were obliged to pay taxes, although the amount was different.During the 17th century because of massive migrations, new tributaries categories emerged and the old ones acquired new meanings. My presentation deals with those new categories and with intermingling or miscegenation that also influenced those new and old categories. The principal source of this analysis is a General Inspection from 1683, where all those new categories were present. One can also see different ways of taxation, of collecting tributes and of interpreting the laws.