INTECH   27907
INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE CHASCOMUS
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
EFFECT OF THE ANIMAL COMPONENT ON SOIL MICROBIOME IN CATTLE SYSTEMS BASED ON THE FORAGE LEGUME LOTUS TENUIS
Autor/es:
NIEVA, A.S.; RUIZ O.A.; COSTANTINI A.; PEREZ M.G.
Lugar:
MENDOZA
Reunión:
Congreso; SAIB-SAMIGE 2020; 2020
Institución organizadora:
SAIB-SAMIGE
Resumen:
Cattle production generates significant impacts on soil characteristics. In addition to the impairment of the soil physic properties, livestock introduces an important amount of animal-inputs represented by Carbon, Nitrogen and ruminal microorganisms. In this trend, the soil microbiome is directly affected by the incorporation of these materials that can change its diversity as well as its functions in the ecosystem. This impact can be ameliorated by the use of legumes, like Lotus tenuis, which contains condensed tannins that can improve the digestive performance as well as the ecological behavior of the cattle systems. We compared the effect of a traditional cattle system based in natural pastures, against a system based in the legume L. tenuis. We analyze the soil microbiome of each experimental system influenced by urine and manure generated by the animal component. We perform the analysis of soil samples affected by urine and manure produced by animals under different diet, using amplicon-sequencing technology based on the sequencing of the 16S gene. One group of bovine cattle fed on grass (GsD) and the second one on pasture based on Lotus tenuis (LtD). Feces and urine were collected from each group of animals and used to treat delimited soil mesocosms. The soils involved in the experiment were also influenced by two different grass cover: native and natural grass and L. tenuis monoculture. After the period of incubation, we collected the soil samples for each treatment and performed the genomic DNA extraction and sequencing. Sequences were analyzed whit the software QIIME2 and microbial ecology packages for the R environment. Our results exhibit that the soil bacterial diversity differs between the Lotus-based and natural grass-based diet (PERMANOVA Test, p=0.001, 999 permutations applied on weighted UNIFRAC distance matrix). Moreover, GsD samples shows higher values of PD-Faith index for the treatments urine and manure, compared with LtD samples. The taxonomic analysis reveals a decrease in the amount of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) assigned to the Archaea Domain. Among these microorganisms, the amount of methane-producer Archaea is lower in the LtD samples compared with the GsD samples. Analysis based on metagenome prediction (PICRUST) display a decrease in the methane activity in soils treated with manure of animals fed with L. tenuis compared with the GsD condition. Besides Nitrogen metabolism detected for the LtD treatment shows similar values to control condition. We conclude that the cattle system based in L. tenuis has different effect on the soil microbiome compared with the cattle system based in natural pastures. In spite of the reduction of levels of methane metabolism and stabilization of the nitrogen metabolism detected in the legume-based system, more studies are necessary in order to confirm this preliminary approach.