Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Stevardiinae, Gill 1858 based on morphological and molecular data (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)

MENEZES, NAÉRCIO; FERREIRA, KATIANE M.; MIRANDE, JUAN MARCOS; SANTANA, JÚLIO C. O.; QUAGGIO-GRASSIOTTO, IRANI

Londrina

Simposio; II International Symposium on Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes; 2017

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia / Universidade Estadual de Londrina

Stevardiinae is currently considered monophyletic based on molecular studies (Oliveira et al., 2011; Thomaz et al., 2015). To perform the analysis aiming at testing the monophyly of the subfamily and the internal relationships of the included taxa using a different approach weused 175 characters from external morphology and also from primary and secondary sexual characters observed in 49 specimens. These data were concatenated with the molecular characters provided by Thomaz et al. (2015). The combined matrix was analysed under maximum parsimony and the resulting tree has 5,439 steps and ?fit?= 130. The topology obtainedconfirms the monophyletic condition of the Stevardiinae, represented by 7 major clades having Markiana nigripinnis as the sister taxon of all stevardiines. Within Stevardiinae, Phenacobrycon and Argopleura chocoensis are the successive sister taxa to all remaining stevardiine clades. Mimagoniates and Glandulocauda, representing the ?Glandulocaudinae? of Menezes & Weitzman (2009), were recovered as the sister group of the remaining stevardiines where the ?Stevardiinae? of Menezes & Weitzman are the basal group of the other stevardiin clades.Based on the unequivocal synapomorphies at the nodes a hierarchical classification of the clades at different taxonomical levels is proposed.