CESIMAR - CENPAT   25625
CENTRO PARA EL ESTUDIO DE SISTEMAS MARINOS
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainability in Small-Scale Fisheries Embedded in Protected Areas
Autor/es:
JOSÉ M. ORENSANZ; FRANCISCO FERNÁNDEZ; STUART FULTON; CINTI, A.; ANA M. PARMA; LUCIANA LOTO; JAIME ABURTO; LUISA RAMÍREZ; MARIO RUEDA; DANIELA ALARCÓN; MAURICIO CASTREJÓN
Lugar:
Cartagena
Reunión:
Congreso; 28th International Congress for Conservation Biology. Insights for Sustaining Life on Earth; 2017
Institución organizadora:
Society for Conservation Biology
Resumen:
Many Latin American (LA) small-scale fisheries (SSFs) operate withinecologically sensitive areas, where reconciling conservation with resource useis socially and politically challenging due to the large number of peopleinvolved that depend on fishing for their livelihoods. Diverse institutionalarrangements have been independently designed and implemented in several LAcountries to accommodate SSFs (among other uses) within various forms ofmultiple-use marine protected areas (MPAs). Examples include the BrazilianReservas Extrativistas Marinhas, the Biosphere Reserves (e.g. Mexico), theMangrove Exploitation Areas of Ecuador, the Integrated Regional ManagementDistricts of Colombia, and the Marine Parks and Natural Protected Areas ofChile and Argentina. In these MPAs, the need to attend to conservation hascreated both opportunities and challenges for SSFs management. MPAs may affectfisheries in a number of positive and negative ways, including how rules ofaccess and resource use are defined, the decision-making arrangements, thelevel of resource and environmental stewardship attained, the effort devoted toand the effectiveness of monitoring and enforcement, among others. Wehypothesize that the sign-positive or negative- of these effects is associatedwith the origin of the MPAs (e.g. top down, bottom up, mixed). We analyze acollection of case studies of SSFs from LA, all of which operate inside MPAsthat differ in origin, design, and implementation. We aim to provide insightson the following questions: 1. How do the diverse formats of MPAs affectrelevant aspects of SSF governance?; 2. Are those effects associated with theorigin of MPAs?; and 3.Which factors (besides origin) have positively ornegatively affected the sustainability of SSFs embedded in MPAs? Thisanalysis highlights the diversity of local conditions that need to beconsidered in the quest for solutions that accommodate diverse goals in complexsocial-ecological systems.