Trends in the detection of aquatic non‐indigenous species across global marine, estuarine and freshwater ecosystems: A 50‐year perspective

CAMPBELL, MARNIE L.; CASTRO, NUNO; CREED, JOEL C.; FOFONOFF, PAUL; INGLIS, GRAEME J.; MARCHINI, AGNESE; OJAVEER, HENN; RUIZ, GREGORY M.; SON, MIKHAIL O.; BAILEY, SARAH A.; CANNING-CLODE, JOÃO; CHAINHO, PAULA; CURD, AMELIA; GALIL, BELLA S.; KEITH, INTI; MCKENZIE, CYNTHIA H.; PIRES?TEIXEIRA, LARISSA M.; SEAWARD, KIMBERLEY; THERRIAULT, THOMAS W.; BROWN, LYNDSAY; CARLTON, JAMES T.; CHAN, FARRAH T.; DARLING, JOHN; HEWITT, CHAD L.; MANDRAK, NICHOLAS E.; OCCHIPINTI?AMBROGI, ANNA; ROBINSON, TAMARA B.; SCHWINDT, EVANGELINA; ZHAN, AIBIN

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

Lugar: Londres; Año: 2020 vol. 26 p. 1780 - 1797

1366-9516

Aim: The introduction of aquatic non-indigenous species (ANS) has become a majordriver for global changes in species biogeography. We examined spatial patterns andtemporal trends of ANS detections since 1965 to inform conservation policy andmanagement.Location: Global.Methods: We assembled an extensive dataset of first records of detection of ANS(1965?2015) across 49 aquatic ecosystems, including the (a) year of first collection,(b) population status and (c) potential pathway(s) of introduction. Data were analysedat global and regional levels to assess patterns of detection rate, richness and transportpathways.Results: An annual mean of 43 (±16 SD) primary detections of ANS occurred?onenew detection every 8.4 days for 50 years. The global rate of detections was relativelystable during 1965?1995, but increased rapidly after this time, peaking atroughly 66 primary detections per year during 2005?2010 and then decliningmarginally. Detection rates were variable within and across regions through time.Arthropods, molluscs and fishes were the most frequently reported ANS. Most ANSwere likely introduced as stowaways in ships? ballast water or biofouling, althoughdirect evidence is typically absent.Main conclusions: This synthesis highlights the magnitude of recent ANS detections,yet almost certainly represents an underestimate as many ANS go unreported due tolimited search effort and diminishing taxonomic expertise. Temporal rates of detectionare also confounded by reporting lags, likely contributing to the lower detectionrate observed in recent years. There is a critical need to implement standardized,repeated methods across regions and taxa to improve the quality of global-scalecomparisons and sustain core measures over longer time-scales. It will be fundamentalto fill in knowledge gaps given that invasion data representing broad regions ofthe world´s oceans are not yet readily available and to maintain knowledge pipelinesfor adaptive management.