Incidence of Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) on Soybean in Northwestern Argentina

CLAPS MP; CHIESA MA; PLOPER LD; REZNIKOV S; GONZALEZ V; MENGISTU A; DE LISI V; PARDO EM; CASTAGNARO AP

Revista Industrial y Agrícola de Tucumán

Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres

Lugar: Las Talitas; Año: 2020 p. 25 - 30

0370-5404

The soilborne polyphagous fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is the causal agent of charcoal rotof soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. This is an economically important disease worldwide, though only in recent yearshas become a major concern for soybean farmers in northwestern Argentina. The present work was aimed to evaluatethe incidence of charcoal rot of soybean in this region of Argentina and to analyze its progress in different locations.Incidence of the disease was evaluated from the 2008/2009 to the 2012/2013 growing seasons in 18 commercial fieldsfrom 11 geographically distinct locations in three provinces in northwestern Argentina. During the first three seasons,highest charcoal rot incidence was less than 1%, but increased to 30% by 2011/2012 and reached 90% in 2012/2013,in two seasons characterized by high temperatures and drought. Disease progress curves varied per location, showingimportant yield losses when the steep increase in disease incidence occurred during early reproductive stages. The areaunder the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values varied by location and the greatest values, 725 and 650, were obtainedin Las Lajitas and Pichanal (Salta), respectively, where charcoal rot increased in the early reproductive stages. These resultsconfirmed the increasing importance of charcoal rot in northwestern Argentina and will help understand better the soybean-Macrophomia phaseolina interaction and thus help develop improved charcoal rot management practices in this region.