IBS   24490
INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA SUBTROPICAL
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
artículos
Título:
Nematodes associated with mammals in the great american biotic interchange (GABI)
Autor/es:
NOTARNICOLA, JULIANA; JIMENEZ RUIZ A.; GARDNER, S. L.
Revista:
Oecologia Australis
Editorial:
Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Referencias:
Lugar: Rio de Janeiro; Año: 2017 vol. 21 p. 1 - 16
Resumen:
The GreatAmerican Biotic Interchange (GABI) is a large-scale zoogeographic event thatillustrates the exchange and diversification of mammals between North and SouthAmerica. This phenomenon was accelerated by the connection of both landmassesduring the Pliocene. Support for this phenomenon includes the extantdistribution of xenarthrans, didelphiomorph marsupials, hystricognath andcricetine rodents, sciurids and carnivores, as well as the distribution offossils in the stratigraphic record and the coalescence of genotypes.Contrasting with the relatively well-documented role and history of mammals inGABI, the role of their parasites has been largely neglected. As a consequence,the reconstructions of the causes of diversification, extinction and dispersionof groups of mammals during the Pliocene (and Miocene) invoke changes inclimate patterns and the role of competitors or predators, yet in most casesthe lines of evidence are not direct. We posit that infections with parasitesoffer a direct form of evidence of the role of interactions among species, byconsidering that the successful establishment of species of parasites in newgroups of vertebrates will result in a net effect on their adaptive immunesystem. Thus, the current distribution of nematode parasites of the familiesAspidoderidae, Nippostrongylidae, Onchocercidae, Oxyuridae, Rictaluriidae andViannaidae offers evidence that the historical associations of these nematodesand their hosts diverge from the expected cospeciation and codivergence. Thus,clades of parasites infect disparate clades of mammals and, by deviating fromthe expected cospeciation, represent a paradox. This paradox deters investigatorsfrom studying historical associations among symbionts, since researchers losethe compelling simplicity of testing coevolutionary associations through thecongruence of their resulting phylogenies. However, the reconstruction ofhistorical associations must acknowledge the differential survival of parasitesin novel hosts. This consideration is part of the Stockholm Paradigm, whichincludes Ecological Fitting, Oscillations, Taxon Pulses and Mosaics ofGeographic Coevolution. We introduce nine host-parasite systems that provideinsights on the role of parasites in GABI. We posit that the conservatism ofparasite resource use, inheritability of the adaptive immune system, and thegenetic structure of parasites make it possible to elucidate the role ofparasites in GABI.<!-- /* Font Definitions */@font-face{font-family:"Times New Roman";panose-1:0 2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:50331648 0 0 0 1 0;}@font-face{font-family:"MS 明朝";mso-font-charset:78;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:16777216 0 117702657 0 131072 0;}@font-face{font-family:Cambria;panose-1:0 2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:50331648 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-parent:"";margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}span.MsoCommentReference{font-size:9.0pt;}table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-parent:"";font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";}p.Textocomentari, li.Textocomentari, div.Textocomentari{mso-style-name:"Texto comentari";margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}@page Section1{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm;mso-header-margin:36.0pt;mso-footer-margin:36.0pt;mso-paper-source:0;}div.Section1{page:Section1;}-->