Bioactives and their impact on human health

P. I. OTEIZA; C. G. FRAGA

MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2018 vol. 61 p. 1 - 1

0098-2997

The field of nutrition has drastically changed in the last decades. It has evolved into a discipline not only focused in studying nutrients, which support survival and growth, but also in identifying substances present in the human diet that can optimize body function and overall health. The consistent improvements to human life expectancy underscores the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This includes a balanced diet that incorporates bioactives with proved health benefits. Any association between the substances that are ingested, and improvements in human biology requires the identification of biochemical mechanisms participating in such beneficial effects. Furthermore, population-based data and clinical studies are needed to establish serious health policies and recommendations to the public. The current issue on Bioactives and Health intends to cover an area of research that has grown steadily in the past two decades and that promises to keep attracting scientists for years to come. Bioactives are substances that, while not essential for maintaining body functions, can promote health and/or counteract disease. Therefore, this issue focuses on plant bioactives and the biological changes associated with their intake, addressing their impact on the development of disease. This issue was planned considering both, the credentials of the authors, and their expertise on the ideas and themes developed. It encompasses articles ranging from epidemiological and clinical investigations to mechanistic research, including the actions of bioactives on specific tissues, i.e. affecting cardiovascular, neurological and intestinal health. Most of the bioactives discussed are plant compounds englobed under the molecular denomination of polyphenols. Furthermore, one article presents tocopherols as examples of compounds acting both as nutrients (vitamin) and bioactives. Another article describes edible plants that generate molecules that mimic the characteristics of bioactives.Advancements in the knowledge of bioactive absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion has considerably advanced the field of bioactives. They have led to the understanding of limitations in the correct assessment of bioactive intake, of the existence of major variations in their concentration within foods, of the impact of matrix effects on absorption, and on the role of the microbiota on their metabolism. Furthermore, several other important considerations are allowing a better design and interpretation of epidemiological and clinical studies. We are positive that this issue will constitute a relevant piece, articulating the current understanding of the field, and serving as useful guide for designing and interpreting experiments based on realistic considerations of human physiology and pathophysiology.