A taxonomic review of the goblin spiders of the genus Dysderoides Fage and their Himalayan relatives of the genera Trilacuna Tong & Li, and Himalayana new genus (Araneae: Oonopidae)

GRISMADO, C. J.; DEELEMAN-REINHOLD, C.; PIACENTINI, L. N.; IZQUIERDO, M.; RAMÍREZ, M. J.

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY

Lugar: New York; Año: 2014 vol. 387 p. 1 - 108

0003-0090

The study of many museum specimens of goblin spiders from the Himalayan range and neighboring countries allows the description of new taxa of the family Oonopidae. The genus Dysderoides Fage is taxonomically reviewed. It comprises small, blind, loricate troglobitic spiders: the type species (D. typhlos Fage, from India) and, at least, five new species from Northern India (D. synrang Grismado & Deeleman) and Thailand (D. muang Grismado & Deeleman, D. kaew Grismado & Deeleman, D. kanoi Grismado & Deeleman, and D. lawa Grismado & Deeleman). The genus Trilacuna, previously known from China, Thailand, Sumatra and Malaysia, is newly diagnosed by the loss of the furrow connecting the posterior spiracles in males, and is represented in the Himalayan region by seven species: T. aenobarbus (Brignoli), from Bhutan (here transferred from Epectris Simon), and six new: four from Northern India (T. meghalaya Grismado & Piacentini, T. besucheti Grismado & Piacentini, T. mahanadi Grismado & Piacentini, and T. loebli Grismado & Piacentini), one from India and Nepal (T. bangla Grismado & Ramírez), and one from Pakistan (T. hazara Grismado & Ramírez). The new genus Himalayana Grismado comprises species very similar to those of Trilacuna, but differing by characteres of the postepigastric scuta and by having an additional acute dorso-prolateral projection on the male palpi. Six new species are assigned to Himalayana: H. kathmandu Grismado (type species), H. castanopsis Grismado, H. parbat Grismado, H. martensi Grismado (all from Nepal), H. siliwalae Grismado and H. andreae Grismado (from India). The study of the internal female genitalia of T. meghalaya and T. bangla revealed a complex copulatory system, and an entelegyne condition, apparently uniform for the entire genus and probably for Dysderoides and Himalayana as well. The males of the three genera have a complex set of paraembolic laminae and a brush of filiform structures where discharges a gland, through a thin, tortuous cuticular tube. The genitalic and somatic morphology of the three genera suggest that they conform a monophyletic group, here named ?Dysderoides complex?, and that their closer relatives can be found among Prethopalpus Baehr et al., and other genera related to Silhouettella Benoit. The loss of the membranous diagonal area on the base of the anterior lateral spinnerets is proposed as a synapomorphy of an advanced group of loricatae oonopids usually referred as gamasomorphines. Furthermore Triaeris glenniei Fage, described from a single female from a cave in Uttarakhand, is redescribed and transferred to Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco.