Determination of cadmium residues in bee products using a "lab-made" bismuth bulk electrode

KREPPER, G.; DI NEZIO, M.S.; PISTONESI M.; RESENDE DE CERQUEIRA PAULA B.; CENTURIÓN, M.E.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

Lugar: Londres; Año: 2016 vol. 96 p. 1331 - 1340

0306-7319

Raw propolis and bee pollen has been widely used in differentareas such as medicine, food and apitherapy because they havebiological and medicinal properties. The beneficial effects of bothbee products for human health include antibacterial, antiviral,antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, hivesexposure to heavy metals, due beekeeping practices and environment,is one of the problems facing beekeepers. The presence ofcadmium in bee products should be controlled, because of itshigh toxicity. A lab-made Bismuth Bulk Electrode (BiBE) was developedfor cadmium residue determination in Argentinean beeproducts such as raw propolis and bee pollen employing squarewave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) as electrochemicaltechnique. The SWASV parameters were optimised based on a 2 5factorial design. The method presents a linear range from 2.00 to100.0 µg L−1 of Cd (II) with a limit of detection (LOD) and a limit ofquantitation (LOQ) of 0.78 µg L−1 and 2.61 µg L−1, respectively. Therepeatability was 8.03%, calculated as the relative standard deviation.Recovery experiments were performed using spiked rawpropolis and bee pollen samples with standard deviation valuesfrom 1.16% to 7.20%. The BiBE is easy and fast to elaborate andthe propose method is environmentally friendly and low cost.Then, it can be considered as a good alternative to the qualitycontrol of bee products due to its importance in the beekeepingindustry.