INVESTIGADORES
CARPINELLA Maria Cecilia
artículos
Título:
Effects of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) fruit extracts on the leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera, Agromyzidae): Assessment in laboratory and field experiments
Autor/es:
E. BANCHIO; G. VALLADARES; M. DEFAGÓ; S. PALACIOS; C. CARPINELLA
Revista:
ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY
Editorial:
Association of Applied Biologists
Referencias:
Año: 2003 vol. 143 p. 187 - 193
ISSN:
0003-4746
Resumen:
Control of the widely distributed pest Liriomyza huidobrensis is complicated due to the protected
habit of the leafmining larvae, and their resistance to insecticides. The effects of Melia azedarach
habit of the leafmining larvae, and their resistance to insecticides. The effects of Melia azedarach
habit of the leafmining larvae, and their resistance to insecticides. The effects of Melia azedarach
habit of the leafmining larvae, and their resistance to insecticides. The effects of Melia azedarachThe effects of Melia azedarach
(Meliaceae) fruit extracts against adults and larvae of L. huidobrensis were investigated. In the laboratory.
Leaves of Cucurbita sp. infested with first and third instar larvae were treated with different extract
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
Leaves of Cucurbita sp. infested with first and third instar larvae were treated with different extract
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
Leaves of Cucurbita sp. infested with first and third instar larvae were treated with different extract
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
Leaves of Cucurbita sp. infested with first and third instar larvae were treated with different extract
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
solutions. Larval and pupal survival, as well as wing-spread of adults, were assessed. Female adult
behaviour towards the extract was also analysed in terms of number of feeding punctures and number
of offspring left on treated/untreated leaves. In the field, an infested Vicia faba crop was sprayed four
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract
treatment, suggesting a selective activity.
times at weekly intervals with plant extract, water, and a blank solution. The number of adult leafminers
and parasitoids emerging from sampled leaves from each treatment were compared. The laboratory
tests showed translaminar action of the extracts, which negatively affected leafminer pupal survival,
while body size was not affected. The extracts also deterred feeding by adult females and may also
have caused reduction in oviposition rates. All solutions and concentrations tested had similar effects.
In the field, extract effects were consistent with those from laboratory trials, number of pupae and
pupal survival being lower on treated plants. Percentage parasitism was not affected by plant extract