INVESTIGADORES
LENCINAS Maria Vanessa
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Silvopastoral systems in native forests of Nothofagus antarctica in Southern Patagonia, Argentina
Autor/es:
PERI, PL; GARGAGLIONE, V; LENCINAS, MV; MATTENET, F; ROSAS, YM; MÓNACO, M; BAHAMONDE, HA; SOLER, R; MONELOS, L; CELLINI, JM; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, G
Reunión:
Conferencia; International Scientific Conference INCDS; 2018
Resumen:
Many challenges and opportunities arise for scientific institutions, rural extension agencies and public policies aiming to promote more sustainable and diversified land use systems in native forest areas. The problems associated with forest product harvesting, processing and marketing, together with the strategy of producing added-value wood and animal products also are key factors for silvopastoral system development. In this context, in Argentina, National Law No. 26,331 for the Environmental Protection of Native Forests promotes the conservation of indigenous forests through land planning, sustainable management and tightening the regulations associated with land-use change. This requires all the provinces to develop a Land Use Planning Process (LUPP) with respect to native forests in a participatory fashion. Native forests have been classified according to three conservation categories (colors in maps) determined based on a number of technical and social criteria: Red (high conservation value forests for ancestral uses, gathering of non-timber forest products, scientific research, ?respectful? tourism, conservation plans, ecological restoration), Yellow (medium conservation value forests for sustainable productive activities and tourism under the guidelines of management and conservation plans) and Green (low conservation value forest where land-use change is allowed). A general agreement named ?National Forest Management with Integrated Livestock (MBGI)? aims mainly to: (i) contribute sustainable use of native forests as a tool of development and according to sustainability criteria and minimum standards established by Law No. 26,331, (ii) strength the provinces by promoting capacity building for implementing MBGI plans, and (ii) establish a monitoring system. Silvopastoral systems in Nothofagus antarctica (ñire) forest became an economical, ecological and social productive alternative in Patagonia (Peri et al., 2016, 2017). The productivity and nutritive value (crude protein content and dry matter digestibility) of understorey grassland was dependent on the interaction of environmental (mainly soil water availability and light intensity) and management factors under the trees, and in turn determined animal performance. A method has been developed for carrying capacity estimation at paddock level based on the Potential Aboveground Net Primary Production (PANPP) that ranged from 85 to 2200 kg DM ha-1 yr-1. Planned thinning in secondary forest stands provide wood production and also improve the undestorey DM production by increasing incoming radiation. Within a Management Plan, two thinning intensities depending on stands water stress conditions are proposed as well the use of Reineke's Stand Density Index (SDI) to assist in the definition of thinning intensities for different canopy covers. Livestock production is the main annual income of silvopastoral systems in N. antarctica forest where cattle and mixed livestock production (cattle+sheep) are the main activity. Animal management at the whole farm scale include strategic separation in homogenous areas (grass steppe, forest and riparian meadows), stocking rate adjustment to grassland net primary production and the protection of regeneration from herbivores browsing by using individual tree guard. Also, in the region we improve the knowledge of litter decomposition, nutrient dynamic, carbon storage and aspects related to criteria and indicator (C&I) to assess ñire forest?s sustainability under silvopastoral use and biodiversity conservation. To expand silvopastoral land use systems and farmer adoption, a multi-agency, interdisciplinary and participatory strategy is required.