Aflatoxins, Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in maize straw harvested in Tepatitlan, Jalisco State, Mexico

REYES, W., ; PATRICIO, S., ; PEREYRA, C.,; GONZÁLEZ, M.L.,; CAVAGLIERI, L., ; DALCERO, A.

Revista Bio-Ciencias

Universidad autónoma de Nayarit

Lugar: Nayarit; Año: 2016 vol. 4 p. 3 - 14

2007-3380

There are few reports on the contaminationof total aflatoxins (AFs), AFB1, deoxynivalenol (DON)and zearelenone (ZEA) in maize straw harvested inMexico; hence, the aim of this study was to determinethe concentration of such mycotoxins by immunoassayanalytical technique (ELISA) and High-performance liquidchromatography (HPLC) in straw coming from 17genotypes of white and yellow maize cultivated during2009 in the municipality of Tepatitlan, Jalisco. Resultsshowed a high percentage of occurrence of total aflatoxinsby ELISA (88.2 %) and AFB1 by HPLC (84 %) withaverage levels of 7.0 ± 3.29 mg Kg-1 and 3.68 ± 2.91 mgKg-1 respectively; DON determination by ELISA methodpresented 100 % of positive samples, average concentrationwas 6.04 ± 3.49 mg Kg-1; regarding the determinationof ZEA by ELISA, 98.5 % of positive sampleswas observed with average levels of 1164.6 ± 1046.7mg Kg-1 and by HPLC 81 % presented average levels of544.6 ± 1035 mg Kg-1, no statistical difference was observedamong straw of the different genotypes of maize(p>0.05) in any of the analyzed mycotoxins. It is importantto mention that none of the samples exceeded thehighest level recommended by the Mexican legislationfor aflatoxins in feed for animals (20 mg Kg-1), however, 23.5 % (16/68) of the determined samples by HPLC surpassedthe limit allowed for AFB1 by the European Community(5 mg Kg-1); 4.4 % (3/68) surpassed the levelsallowed by DON (12 mg Kg-1); while ZEA showed 11.8 %(8/68) of samples detected for ELISA and 10.3 % (7/68) byHPLC with levels that exceed those recommended by theEuropean Commission (2000 mg Kg-1), there is no regulationin Mexico for these mycotoxins.