Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016: a 60-day subchronic oral toxicity study in rats.

GONZALEZ PEREYRA, M; ; DOGI C;; TORRES LISA A;; WITTOUCK P; ; ORTIZ M;; ESCOBAR F;; BAGNIS G;; YACIUK R; ; POLONI L;; TORRES A;; DALCERO A;; CAVAGLIERI L

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

Año: 2014 vol. 117 p. 824 - 833

1364-5072

The potential of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain RC016 for reducing the micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (MNNE) rate in Wistar rats fed aflatoxins (AFs) contaminated feed was evaluated. Moreover, the yeast influence on growth parameters in the presence of aflatoxin B1 contaminated feed was evaluated. Six groups of animals (n = 6) were treated for 60 days; 1) uncontaminated feed, 2) yeast control, 3) feed amended 40 µg/kg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) + 20 µg/kg aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), 4) feed amended 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 50 µg/kg AFG1, 5) feed amended 40 µg/kg AFB1 + 20 µg/kg AFG1 + oral dose of 108 CFU S. cerevisiae and 6) feed amended 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 50 µg/kg AFG1 + oral dose of 108 CFU S. cerevisiae. Weight was determined weekly and the total weight gain, progressive weight gain, feed efficiency and feed conversion were compared. Genotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the MNNE percentage and cytotoxicity was determined by the polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) index. S. cerevisiae RC016 did not cause any impairment on the health of animals and it showed no negative impact on the weight gain when compared to untreated controls. Moreover, the probiotic strain improved all production parameters and in AFs-treated animals. Treatment 6 was able to reduce AFs-caused genotoxicity. The beneficial effect could be related to an in situ adsorption of the AFs to the yeast cell wall in the intestine, resulting in the reduction of the toxin?s bioavailability. The tested S. cerevisiae strain demonstrated not to cause any genotoxicity or cytotoxicity in vivo and it was able to attenuate the genotoxic effect of AFs on rat bone marrow erythrocytes. This study shows the potential of S. cerevisiae strain RC016 to be incorporated in the formulation of feed additives destined to livestock to counteract the effect of AFs and minimize the use of chemical adsorbents, constituting a safer, and eco-friendly option to increase animal productivity with a minimum environmental impact.