Production of Bone Substitutes Composites based on Biogenic Materials

ANDRES OZOLS,; CARLOS FERNANDEZ; CRISTIAN MARTINEZ; MARIA RODRIGUEZ BATILLER; MIGUEL OMAR PRADO; DANIEL OLMEDO

Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires

Conferencia; 6th International Conference on Science and Technology of Composite; 2015

Instituto de Polímetos y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería

Biocomposites (BCO) based on biologic matrix, bioceramic (BC) and bioactive glass (BG) are developed and used as scaffolds for bone repairing: The organic phase is extracted from Wharton Jelly (WJ), hydrogel matrix of placentas and umbilical cords, known by its tissue regenerative potential, with a processing of own development. WJ matrix constitutes up to 70 weight % of BCO is in dehydrated state, and constituted by amide functional groups (I-II, A-B), characteristic of collagen I and II, according to infrared Fourier Transform analysis. Inside matrix, BC and BG particles are dispersed, which are known by their osteoconductive and inductive abilities, respectively. BC is biphasic composed by 60 % of hydroxyapatite, obtained from bovine bone processing, while remain is  tricalcium phosphate, obtained from Ca+2 and PO4-3 chemical reaction in wet precipitation process This mixture is molded by gelcasting, and sintered at 1200 °C by 3 hours. The BG is close in composition to Bioglass obtained from mixture of SiO2, CaO, Na2O, and P2O4, which melted at 1350 °C and quenched on steel plate. BC and BG and ground to 150-350 µm size, and the mixture (95 % BC - 5 % BG) is introduced into 10 % WJ water solution, injected into moulds, dehydrated, cut in form of micro-implants in sterile environment, and implanted in 40 Wistar rat tibiae. The histological dynamics is analyzed from the first hour up to 60 days. The microtome cuts are observed by optical and electronic microscopy, showing the adequate hydrophilicity, and cloth formation. Granulation tissue is observed at 7th day. Reticular bone tissue formation around BC and BG particles, are identified at 14th day, while laminar bone from 30 days. Thus, the new BCO is highly biocompatible and with high regenerative capability, making it suitable for clinical application in bone reparative surgeries.