Orthoglymma wangapeka, gen. n. and sp. n. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini): a Gondwanan relict from the Buller Terrane, Nelson, New Zealand.

LIEBHERR, JIM; MARRIS, JOHN; EMBERSON, ROWAN; SYRETT, PAULINE; ROIG JUÑENT, SERGIO

SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY (PRINT)

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

Lugar: Londres; Año: 2011 vol. 36 p. 395 - 414

0307-6970

Abstract. Orthoglymma Liebherr, Marris, Emberson, Syrett & Roig-Ju˜nent gen.n.(Coleoptera: Carabidae: Broscini) is described to accommodate the single type speciesOrthoglymma wangapeka Liebherr, Marris, Emberson, Syrett & Roig-Ju˜nent sp.n.,known from the Wangapeka Track, Kahurangi National Park, north-western SouthIsland, New Zealand. Orthoglymma wangapeka sp.n. is analysed cladistically alongwith a comprehensive array of 42 other broscine generic terminals and four outgrouptaxa, using information obtained from 73 morphological characters, and placedas adelphotaxon to the remainder of subtribe Nothobroscina, a clade distributedin New Zealand, southern South America and Australia. Based on fossil evidencefor Carabidae, the occurrence of Orthoglymma wangapeka sp.n. on the BullerTerrane, a geological feature once situated on the eastern margin of Gondwana,and early cladistic divergence of Orthoglymma from the remaining Nothobroscina,Orthoglymma wangapeka sp.n. is interpreted as a Gondwanan relict. The NewZealand arthropod fauna is reviewed to identify other taxa in existence at thetime of Cretaceous vicariance of New Zealand and Australia. These candidateGondwanan taxa, all of which are specified using fossil data or molecular divergencebasedestimates, are analysed biogeographically. Where phylogenetic hypothesesare available, primordial distributions are optimized using event-based, dispersalvicariance(DIVA) analysis. The hypothesized Gondwanan-aged taxa demonstrateinordinate fidelity to the Gondwanan-aged geological terranes that constitute thewestern portions of New Zealand, especially in the South Island. Persistence of theserelicts through a hypothesized ‘Oligocene drowning’ event is the most parsimoniousexplanation for the concentration of Gondwanan relicts in the Nelson, Buller andFiordland districts of the South Island. Geographic patterns of Gondwanan-aged taxaare compared with distributions of taxa hypothesized to have colonized New Zealandacross the Tasman Sea from Australia and New Caledonia, subsequent to Cretaceousvicariance. These post-Gondwanan taxa exhibit very different patterns of distributionand diversification in New Zealand, including: (i) abundant endemism in Northland,