Heavy Metals, Major Metals, Trace Elements

JORGE MARCOVECCHIO; SANDRA BOTTE; HUGO FREIJE,

Handbook of Water Analysis

Taylor & Francis Group LCC

Lugar: Florida; Año: 2007; p. 273 - 310

11 Heavy Metals, Major Metals, Trace Elements Jorge E. Marcovecchio, Sandra E. Botte´, and Rube´n H. Freije CONTENTS 11.1 Sampling.......................................................................................................................... 276 11.2 Storage and Preservation............................................................................................... 277 11.3 Pretreatment of Samples................................................................................................ 278 11.4 Digestion of Samples...................................................................................................... 279 11.5 Analytical Methods ........................................................................................................ 280 11.5.1 Classical Methods.............................................................................................. 280 11.5.2 Spectrophotometric Method............................................................................ 282 11.5.3 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Techniques.......................................................................................................... 283 11.5.4 Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ....................................... 284 11.5.5 Inductively Coupled Plasma Methods .......................................................... 285 11.5.6 Electrochemical Methods................................................................................. 286 11.5.6.1 Voltammetric Techniques. .............................................................. 286 11.5.6.2 Potentiometric Techniques.............................................................. 287 11.5.7 Ion Chromatography ........................................................................................ 287 11.5.7.1 Other Chromatographic Techniques............................................. 288 11.5.8 Other Techniques .............................................................................................. 288 11.5.8.1 Luminescence.................................................................................... 288 11.5.8.2 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry ................................................. 289 11.5.8.3 Neutron Activation Analysis.......................................................... 289 11.5.9 The Particular Case of Mercury...................................................................... 289 11.6 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 290 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 290 References .................................................................................................................................. 291