INVESTIGADORES
CHULZE Sofia Noemi
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Fusarium head blight epidemic in wheat during the 2012/2013 harest season in South America
Autor/es:
CHULZE, S, N
Lugar:
Viena
Reunión:
Congreso; The World Mycotoxin Forum 8th Conference; 2014
Institución organizadora:
IUPAC
Resumen:
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat woridwide and of Increasing concern in South America due to sporadic epidemics with economic losses causad by yieid reduction and rejection of grain contaminated with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The disease is mainly caused by species within the Fusarium graminearum complex, which comprises several biogeographically structured and phyiogenetically distinct species. In South America, F. graminearum sensu stricto is the dominant species associated with FHB epidemics in wheat, but other species have aiso been isolated, such as F. meridionale, F. cortaderiae, F. brasiiicum, F. austroamericanum. These species produce a range of mycotoxins but the most significant are those of the type B trichothecene class, such as DON, nivalenol (NIV), and the DON-acetylated forms. The dependence of FHB on weather factors, its nature and epidemiology and its spororadic manifestation have determined that control measures are not always successful. Possible factors explaining the FHB increase can be due to the increase in the not till área, climatic conditions, since epidemics occur in crop years dominated by humid and warm weather conditions, and pathogen aggressivity. This sporadic disease continues to challenge researchers from South America for breeding for FHB resistance, and to apply models for predicting disease incidence, infection risk, disease severity or DON levels. These models also help to decide if fungicide application is necessary or not. Biological control is another strategy under evaluation to reduce the impact of the disease and DON accumulation. Regulations on the maximum levels of DON in wheat and wheat-based products have also been established to reduce the entry of this toxin into the food and feed chain.