INVESTIGADORES
CHULZE Sofia Noemi
artículos
Título:
Fusarium poae pathogenicity and mycotoxin accumulation on selected wheat and barley genotypes at a single location in Argentina
Autor/es:
STENGLEIN, S.A; DINOLFO, M.I; BARROS, G.G. ; BONGIORNO FABRICIO ; CHULZE, S.N; MORENO M.V
Revista:
PLANT DISEASE
Editorial:
AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
Referencias:
Año: 2014 vol. 98 p. 1733 - 1738
ISSN:
0191-2917
Resumen:
Fusarium poae is a relatively weak pathogen with increasing importance in cereal grains, principally due to its capacity to produce several mycotoxins. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity and toxin accumulation of individual F. poae isolates on wheat and barley under natural conditions for 3 years. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences for year?genotype, year?isolate, genotype? isolate, and year?genotype?isolate interactions for both incidence and disease severity. Based on contrast analysis, ?Apogee? was more susceptible than the other wheat genotypes, wheat genotypes were more susceptible than barley genotypes, durum wheat genotypes were moresusceptible than bread wheat genotypes, and barley genotype ?Scarlett? had greater symptom development per spike than the other barley genotypes. Neither HT-2 nor T-2 toxins were detected in the grain samples. However, high levels of nivalenol were found in both wheat and barley samples. The increased reported isolation of F. poae from wheat and barley and the high capacity of this fungus to produce nivalenol underlie the need for more studies on F. poae?host interactions, especially for barley. Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab is an insidious disease of wheat (both Triticum aestivum and T. durum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) that not only reduces grain quality and yield but also may cause kernel contamination with mycotoxins. Wheat and barley are the two most important winter crops in Argentina. Production of these grains is for both export and local consumption, with bread wheat for bread, durum wheat for noodles, barley for malting, and all for animal feed. Although Fusarium graminearum Schwabe is the predominant FHB agent worldwide on small cereal grains, F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., and F. poae (Peck) Wollenw. are commonly isolated. In recent years, changes in the frequency or abundance of Fusarium spp. have been observed (17,18,34). Some studies suggest that this variability may be due,in part, to environmental or agronomic practices. For example, Xu et al. (33) observed that Fusarium spp. variation depend on environmental variables such as warmer, drier, or more humid conditions,whereas Fernandez et al. (15) associated Fusarium spp. Variation with production practices such as crop rotation, tillage systems, and herbicide use, among others. Fusarium spp. populations are studied continuously in different countries, on different hosts, or in different conditions. F. poae is a relatively weak pathogen with a high frequency of isolation in cereal surveys in recent years, such as Argentina, Canada, Germany, and Italy, among other countries (5,6,9,17,28). Mycotoxins can cause adverse effects in humans and animals through ingestion of contaminated cereal grains, where trichothecenes (inhibitors of eukariotic protein synthesis) are considered the most important toxins produced by Fusarium spp. (4,12). Among the mycotoxins produced by F. poae, nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene, was cited as one of the most common mycotoxins