Southern Hemisphere biogeography of Ascomycetes

ROMERO, A.I.; CAPDET, M.

Edimburgo

Congreso; IX Congreso Internacional de Micología; 2010

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Universidad de Buenos Aires FCEyN, Dpto. Biod. y Biología Exp.; PHRIDEB - CONICET. Ciudad Univ., Pab. II (1428EHA), Bs. As., Argentina romero@bg.fcen.uba.ar Little is known about biogeographic relationships among Southern hemisphere ascomycetes, in particular, involving southern South America. Biogeographic studies are impeded by poor knowledge about fungi from South America. A few cases of southern hemisphere distribution are known, for example, fungi associated with Nothofagus trees such as Cyttaria species from South America (Argentina and Chile) and New Zealand. The biogeographic distribution of ascomycetes on pantropical palms has been documented. In Argentina the most studied groups of ascomycetes are the orders Pezizales and Helotiales. Several surveys were carried out to inventory others groups of non-lichenized ascomycetes: Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes and some Eurotiomycetes. Apart from studies by Spegazzini, more than 700 species have been described from wood and bark of native (N) and introduced (I) trees and from dung of herbivorous animals of Patagonia. The studies on xylophilous ascomycetes were on : 1) Eucalyotus viminalis (I), 2) Geoffrea decorticans (N), 3) Podocarpus parlatorei (N), 4) native palms including Euterpe edulis and Syagrus romanzifolia, both from a subtropical region and Butia yatay from a temperate region; and 5) Nothofagaceae and Cupressaceae from Andean Patagonia forest. Oure studies deal with Diatrypaceae, Xylariaceae from NW of Argentina; and coprophilous ascomycetes from Patagonia. Questions about biogeography address the following. Is Plectania platensis restricted to Eucalyptus spp. and thus correlated with its geographic distribution? Given the geographic distribution of Podocarpus in the Southern Hemisphere, is the biogeographic pattern of Corynelia oreophila associated with Podocarpus a similar case to Cyttaria associated with Nothofagus?  In regard to the study on ascomycetes on native palms in Argentina, our preliminary results suggest that Endocalyx melonoxanthus is present on the three native Argentine palms. Is this fungus a specialist on palms in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates? Is Cannonia australis known only on Butia yatay (Argentina) and Trachycarpus fortune (Australia)? Ascomycetes associated with palms and their ancestors may have been present when palms radiated from west Gondwanaland. Although gaps exist in our knowledge of biogeography of Ascomycetes in Southern Hemisphere, these examples suggest that Ascomycetes exhibit distinct biogeographic patterns.