The polyploid effect in the breeding of aromatic and medicinal species

V. E. TOSSI; C. M. VAN BAREN; J. IANICELLI; J. J. REGALADO; S.I. PITTA ÁLVAREZ; J. GUARINELLO; L.S. DI CIACCIO; A. S. ESCANDÓN; V. E. TOSSI; C. M. VAN BAREN; J. IANICELLI; J. J. REGALADO; S.I. PITTA ÁLVAREZ; J. GUARINELLO; L.S. DI CIACCIO; A. S. ESCANDÓN

SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2019 vol. 260

0304-4238

The secondary metabolism of plants delivers a wide range of chemical structures with application for a vast arrayof activities, thus offering opportunities for social and economic development. Polyploidy is the possession ofthree or more complete sets of chromosomes. The duplication of the genome, and its possible adaptive advantages, has been an important factor in the speciation and evolution of eukaryotes. The generation of syntheticpolyploids as a plant breeding strategy has enabled the development of new and improved cultivars. The aim ofthis paper is to examine the state-of-the-art concerning the application of polyploidization techniques as abreeding tool and its effects on the phenotypical, biochemical and genetic characteristics in some medicinalaromatic plant (MAP) species to explore our current knowledge of the possible mechanisms involved. Over thelast years, new studies have demonstrated that autopolyploidization can remodel the transcriptome and themetabolome generating genomic stress. Consequently, polyploidism can also result in a wide spectrum ofmodifications, both molecular and physiological, with non-linear results and consequences that also depend onthe experimental conditions. Likewise, concepts such as genomic shock and genome fluidity are also involved inthis phenomenon, which further increase the complexity of the process.