CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos

https://forensiccoe.org/hhrrc-virtual-library-2021/ (página de todos los posters)https://forensiccoe.org/private/60c1328b4bc19 (página del poster)The value of estimating sex is transversal as it is dealt across different studies that approach skeletonized individuals. For example, it is indispensable for the positive identification in Forensic Anthropology, and also perform both paleobiological and mortality profiles in the fields of Bioarchaeology, Paleodemography and Paleoepidemiology. When studying skeletons of past populations, it is important to acknowledge that prenatal and postnatal individuals up to the age of 5 have been the most vulnerable group within all sort of biocultural disorders, namely male individuals considering their over-mortality rate. Note that over the centuries, the parental appreciation, treatment and care in which male individuals have usually been more pampered than female individuals, have also contributed to the variation of the sex ratio of children. The reasons why are (ler)The accuracy of sex estimation methods is relatively high in adult skeletons, whereas the sexual dimorphism in prepubertal individuals is more subtle. The methodologies that have been developed do not usually get an acceptable level of accuracy, precision and reproducibility. According to the undertaken survey, 46 methods were developed worldwide in the last 6 decades, using metric analyses, the 3D evaluation and the morphometric geometry in different regions of the skeleton as you can see in this figure. Eleven methodological validations were performed in different samples from those used to develop the methods with inaccurate results in general.In the skull, the methods require experience and imaging equipment that obtain a broad range of accuracy depending on the analyzed trait. Despite the numerous studies of the mandible, research does not seem so promising with respect to the facial sexual dimorphism. However, pioneering research focused on mandibular dimorphism has produced encouraging results. Notwithstanding, several further validations have reduced its usefulness in different populations. It was recently recognized that the deciduous and the permanent dentition are adequate for sex estimation (Cardoso, 2008; Aris et al., 2018, 80-90%), regardless the inaccurate results obtained in the beginning. Note that the small size, the low grade of recovery, and the postmortem loss of teeth from non-adults reduce the application of these methods. The long bone metric is only useful for individuals who have reached puberty. Nevertheless, only the iliac bone in the pelvis shows some degree of dimorphism, although the methods have little reproducibility and have not properly explored all the anatomical regions, as for example, the auricular surface.Luna and coauthors, in 2017, proposed a new method that analyzed the auricular surface of the ilium, which is the facet of the iliac bone articulated with the sacrum. This anatomical region usually shows high rates of preservation in fetus, infants and adolescents. In that research, 34 individuals aged between 7 and 18 years of age from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection were examined. Note that skeletal identified collections are sets of skeletonized individuals with official registered data such as the age at death, the sex, the place of birth, among others. All the analyses purposely avoided the biographic data of the individuals during the recording of the variables because the aim was to confront such data with the results of the research.