ALMA Observations of Elias 2–24: A Protoplanetary Disk with Multiple Gaps in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud

PÉREZ, SEBASTIAN; ANSDELL, MEGAN; BERTRANG, GESA H.-M.; DENT, WILLIAM; OLOFSSON, JOHAN; PEÑA-RAMIREZ, KARLA; SCHREIBER, MATTHIAS R.; ZURLO, ALICE; CASASSUS, SIMON; CÁRCAMO, MIGUEL; BAYO, AMELIA; CHRISTIAENS, VALENTIN; GAMEN, ROBERTO; OSSES, AXEL; RUÍZ-RODRÍGUEZ, DARY; WILLIAMS, JONATHAN P.; CIEZA, LUCAS A.; HALES, ANTONIO; AVENHAUS, HENNING; CÁNOVAS, HECTOR; FERRERO, GABRIEL; ORCAJO, SANTIAGO; PRINCIPE, DAVID; PLAS, GERRIT VAN DER

The Astrophysical Journal

IOP

Año: 2017 vol. 851 p. 23 - 29

We present ALMA 1.3 mm continuum observations at0uildrel{primeprime}over{.} 2 (25 au) resolution of Elias2?24, one of the largest and brightest protoplanetary disks in theOphiuchus Molecular Cloud, and we report the presence of three partiallyresolved concentric gaps located at ∼20, 52, and 87 au from thestar. We perform radiative transfer modeling of the disk to constrainits surface density and temperature radial profile and place the diskstructure in the context of mechanisms capable of forming narrow gapssuch as condensation fronts and dynamical clearing by actively formingplanets. In particular, we estimate the disk temperature at thelocations of the gaps to be 23, 15, and 12 K (at 20, 52, and 87 au,respectively), very close to the expected snowlines of CO (23?28K) and N2 (12?15 K). Similarly, by assuming that thewidths of the gaps correspond to 4?8× the Hill radii offorming planets (as suggested by numerical simulations), we estimateplanet masses in the range of 0.2{--}1.5 {M}{Jup}, 1.0{--}8.0{M}{Jup}, and 0.02{--}0.15 {M}{Jup} for the inner,middle, and outer gap, respectively. Given the surface density profileof the disk, the amount of ?missing mass? at the location ofeach one of these gaps (between 4 and 20 {M}{Jup}) is morethan sufficient to account for the formation of such planets.