Fetal zinc deficiency: influence on renal nitric oxide and oxidative stress

ARRANZ, CRISTINA; AGUIRRE, SOFIA; SAVIGNANO, LUCIA; CARDELLI ALCALDE, DANIELA; MENDES GARRIDO, FACUNDO; MAC LAUGHLIN, MYRIAM; ELESGARAY, ROSANA; CANIFFI, CAROLINA; COSTA, MARIA ANGELES; TOMAT, ANALIA

Milan, Italia

Congreso; 21st. European Meeting of Hypertension; 2011

European Society of Hypertension

Moderate and marginal zinc deficiency during pregnancy is a nutritional insult to fetal and postnatal development. We have demonstrated that moderate zinc deficiency in rats during intrauterine and postnatal growth is also a model of fetal programming of hypertension and renal diseases in adult life. At weaning, fetal and lactation zinc deficiency induced a reduction in glomeruli number anda compensatory hypertrophy in the remaining nephrons. Objective: To evaluate renal nitric oxide system and oxidative stress at 21 days of life and to determine if there are sex differences in response to fetal and lactation zinc deficiency.To evaluate renal nitric oxide system and oxidative stress at 21 days of life and to determine if there are sex differences in response to fetal and lactation zinc deficiency. Methods: Wistar rats were exposed from the beginning of pregnancy up to adulthood: low (L, 8 ppm) or control(C, 30 ppm) zinc diet. At day 21, male (m) and female (f) offspring of each group of mothers (Cm, Lm, Cf and Lf) were sacrificed to determine renal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity with L-(U14C)-arginine (pmol/min?~g tissue) and eNOS and iNOS protein abundance by western blot (% density/?À actin). Renal oxidative stress was evaluated measuring thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione concentration (GLUT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx).Wistar rats were exposed from the beginning of pregnancy up to adulthood: low (L, 8 ppm) or control(C, 30 ppm) zinc diet. At day 21, male (m) and female (f) offspring of each group of mothers (Cm, Lm, Cf and Lf) were sacrificed to determine renal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity with L-(U14C)-arginine (pmol/min?~g tissue) and eNOS and iNOS protein abundance by western blot (% density/?À actin). Renal oxidative stress was evaluated measuring thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione concentration (GLUT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). Results: NOS activity was decreased in Bm (237 ?} 5*) and Bf (245 ?} 7a) compared with Cm (302 ?} 5) and Cf (317 ?} 11) respectively. eNOS content was higher in Bm (43 ?} 2*) than Cm (30 ?} 2), but in Bf (42 ?} 4) and Cf (36 ?} 1)was similar. iNOS content showed no differences between groups (Cm: 32 ?} 4; Bm: 39 ?} 1; Cf: 39 ?} 3 and Bf: 32 ?} 3) *p < 0.01vs Cm; a p < 0.01vs Cf. n = 6 for each group. 2 way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni?fs post-hoc test.NOS activity was decreased in Bm (237 ?} 5*) and Bf (245 ?} 7a) compared with Cm (302 ?} 5) and Cf (317 ?} 11) respectively. eNOS content was higher in Bm (43 ?} 2*) than Cm (30 ?} 2), but in Bf (42 ?} 4) and Cf (36 ?} 1)was similar. iNOS content showed no differences between groups (Cm: 32 ?} 4; Bm: 39 ?} 1; Cf: 39 ?} 3 and Bf: 32 ?} 3) *p < 0.01vs Cm; a p < 0.01vs Cf. n = 6 for each group. 2 way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni?fs post-hoc test. GLUT(mg/mg prot) TBARS(nmol/mg prot) SOD activity (U/mg prot) CAT activity (pmol/mg prot) GPx activity (pmol/min/mg prot) Cm 7.2?}0.6 0.13?}0.02 13.2?}0.9 6.1?}0.8 252?}27 Lm 6.2?}0.5 0.35?}0.09* 12.2?}0.9 5.6?}0.5 166?}10* Cf 7.5?}0.9 0.14?}0.01 19.1?}1.0* 10.3?}0.3* 264?}26 Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Cf 7.5?}0.9 0.14?}0.01 19.1?}1.0* 10.3?}0.3* 264?}26 Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Cf 7.5?}0.9 0.14?}0.01 19.1?}1.0* 10.3?}0.3* 264?}26 Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Cf 7.5?}0.9 0.14?}0.01 19.1?}1.0* 10.3?}0.3* 264?}26 Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Cf 7.5?}0.9 0.14?}0.01 19.1?}1.0* 10.3?}0.3* 264?}26 Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö 177?}17?ö Lf 6.8?}0.3 0.45?}0.07?ö 12.1?}0.9?ö 4.1?}0.7?ö