Development of a nanoparticle-based oral vaccine for Atlantic salmon against ISAV using an alphavirus replicon as adjuvant

RIVAS-ARAVENA A; FUENTES JAZMIN; CARTAGENA JULIO; BRITO TANIA; THELMA VERONICA POGGIO; LA TORRE JOSE; SPENCER EUGENIO

FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY

ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2015 vol. 45 p. 157 - 166

1050-4648

Adjuvants used in vaccine aquaculture are frequently harmful for the fish, causing melanosis, granulomasand kidney damage. Along with that, vaccines are mostly administered by injection, causing pain andstress to the fish. We used the DNA coding for the replicase of alphavirus as adjuvant (Ad) of a vaccineagainst ISAV. The Ad and an inactivated ISAV (V) were loaded in chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to beadministered orally to Atlantic salmon. NP-Ad was able to deliver the DNA ex vivo and in vivo. Oraladministration of the NPs stimulated the expression of immune molecules, but did not stimulate thehumoral response. Although the vaccination with NP-V results in a modest protection of fish againstISAV, NP-V administered together with NP-Ad caused a protection of 77%. Therefore, the DNA coding forthe replicase of alphavirus could be administered orally and can potentiate the immuneprotection of avirine against infection.