Phylogenetic relationships of the Gomphales based on nuc-25S-rDNA, mit-12S-rDNA, and mit-atp6-DNA combined sequences

ADMIR J. GIACHINI; KENTARO HOSAKA; EDUARDO NOUHRA; JOSEPH SPATAFORA; JAMES M. TRAPPE

MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH

ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Año: 2010 vol. 114 p. 224 - 234

0953-7562

Phylogenetic relationships among Geastrales, Gomphales, Hysterangiales, and Phallaleswere estimated via combined sequences: nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nuc-25SrDNA),mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA (mit-12S-rDNA), and mitochondrialatp6 DNA (mit-atp6-DNA). Eighty-one taxa comprising 19 genera and 58 species were investigated,including members of the Clathraceae, Gautieriaceae, Geastraceae, Gomphaceae,Hysterangiaceae, Phallaceae, Protophallaceae, and Sphaerobolaceae. Although some nodesdeep in the tree could not be fully resolved, some well-supported lineages were recovered,and the interrelationships among Gloeocantharellus, Gomphus, Phaeoclavulina, and Turbinellus,and the placement of Ramaria are better understood. Both Gomphus sensu lato and Ramariasensu lato comprise paraphyletic lineages within the Gomphaceae. Relationships of thesubgenera of Ramaria sensu lato to each other and to other members of the Gomphales wereclarified. Within Gomphus sensu lato, Gomphus sensu stricto, Turbinellus, Gloeocantharellus andPhaeoclavulina are separated by the presence/absence of clamp connections, spore ornamentation(echinulate, verrucose, subreticulate or reticulate), and basidiomal morphology(fan-shaped, funnel-shaped or ramarioid). Gautieria, a sequestrate genus in the Gautieriaceae,was recovered as monophyletic and nested with members of Ramaria subgenusRamaria. This agrees with previous observations of traits shared by these two ectomycorrhizaltaxa, such as the presence of fungal mats in the soil. Clavariadelphus was recoveredas a sister group to Beenakia, Kavinia, and Lentaria. The results reaffirm relationships betweenthe Geastrales, Gomphales, Hysterangiales, and the Phallales, suggesting extensiveconvergence in basidiomal morphology among members of these groups. A more extensivesampling that focuses on other loci (protein-coding genes have been shown to be phylogeneticallyinformative) may be useful to answer questions about evolutionary relationshipsamong these fungal groups.