Modulation of mucosal antiviral innate immune response by immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria: role of pattern recognition receptors

JULIO VILLENA

San Miguel de Tucumán

Simposio; IV International Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria - Food, Health and Applications; 2013

Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos. CERELA-CONICET

Respiratory viruses are the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants, young children and the elderly. Host immune response has been implicated in both the protection and immunopathological mechanisms during respiratory virus infections. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)-like receptor activate innate immune cells inducing airway inflammation, protective immune response, and pulmonary immunopathology. Understanding the interaction between respiratory viruses and its host is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies as well as safe and effective vaccines. Several studies have centred on whether probiotic microorganisms, with the capacity to stimulate the immune system (immunobiotics), might sufficiently stimulate the Common Mucosal Immune System to provide protection in the respiratory tract. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that some orally administered immunobiotics do have the ability to stimulate respiratory immunity and increase resistance to viral infections. Moreover, during the last decade scientists have significantly advanced in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of immunobiotics in the respiratory tract. This conference examines the current scientific literature dealing with the use of immunobiotic strains to prevent viral respiratory infections. More specifically, it discuss the mechanisms involved in the capacity of the immunobiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 to beneficially modulate the immune response triggered by TLR3 and RIG-I activation in the respiratory tract and to increase the resistance to Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection in adult and infant mice. In addition, I will discus the role of TLR2 in the immunoregulatory effect of the CRL1505 strain that has been successfully used for reducing incidence and morbidity of viral airways infections in children.