Dietary Fats Significantly Influence the Survival of Penumbral Neurons in a Permanent Isquemic Stroke Rat Model by Modifying Lipid Mediators, Inflammatory Biomarkers, Nos Production, and Redox-Dependent Apoptotic Signals

NATALIA LAUSADA; NATHALIE ARNAL; MARIANA ASTIZ; MARÍA CRISTINA MARÍN; JUAN MANUEL LOFEUDO; PABLO STRINGA; MARÍA J. TACCONI DE ALANIZ; NELVA TACCONI DE GÓMEZ DUMM; GRACIELA HURTADO; NORMA CRISTALLI DE PIÑERO; MARÍA CRISTINA PALLANZA DE STRINGA; EVA MARÍA ILLARA DE BOZZOLO; ENRIQUE GUSTAVO BOZZARELLO; DIANA OLGA CRISTALLI; MARRA, CARLOS ALBERTO

NUTRITION

ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2015 vol. 31 p. 1430 - 1442

0899-9007

Objective: Brain stroke is the third most important cause of death in developed countries. We study the effect of different dietary lipids on the outcome of a permanent ischemic stroke rat model.Research Methods & Procedures: Wistar rats were fed on diets containing 7 % commercial oils (S, soybean; O, olive; C, coconut; G, grape seed) for 35 days. Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Coronal slices from ischemic brains and sham-operated animals were supravitally stained. Penumbra and core volumes were calculated by image digitalization after 24, 48 and 72 h post stroke. Homogenates and mitochondrial fractions were prepared from different zones and analyzed by redox status, inflammatory markers, ceramide and arachidonate content, phospholipase A2, NOS, and proteases.Results: S and G diets were mainly pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory by increasing the liberation of arachidonate and its transformation into prostaglandins. O was protective in terms of redox homeostatic balance, minor increase in lipid and protein damage, conservation of reduced glutathione, protective activation of NOS in penumbra, and net ratio of anti- to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Apoptosis (caspase-3, milli- and micro-calpains) was less activated by O than by any other diet.Conclusion: dietary lipids modulate NOS and PLA2 activities, ceramide production, and glutathione import into the mitochondrial matrix, finally determining the activation of the two main protease systems involved in programmed cell death. Olive oil appears to be a biological source for the isolation of protective agents that block the expansion of brain core at the expense of penumbral neurons.