The high Andean Jivarus Giglio Tos (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Melanoplinae): Systematics, phylogenetic and biogeographic considerations.

CIGLIANO, M. M.; AMEDEGNATO, C.

SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY (PRINT)

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

Año: 2009

0307-6970

Abstract: The high Andean genus Jivarus Giglio-Tos from Ecuador, Colombia and Perú is revised. Morphological cladistic analysis indicated that Jivarus montanus and the new species digiticercus n.sp. and rugosus n.sp. must be treated as a separate genus, Maylasacris n.gen.  The remaining species included in the analysis were assigned to the genus Jivarus for which the following six species groups were identified in the analysis: americanus group, antisanae group, carbonelli group, cohni group, pictifrons group and jagoi group. Twenty nine species are recognized for Jivarus with ten described as new: J. rectus n. sp., J. megacercus n.sp., J. spatulus n.sp. J. auriculus n.sp., J. riveti n.sp., J. sphaericus n.sp., J. discoloris n.sp., J. profundus n.sp., J. ronderosi n.sp., J. guaranaensis n.sp. The following new synonymies are proposed: Jivarus albolineatus Ronderos with J. antisanae (Bolivar), J. cerdai Ronderos and J. osunai Ronderos with J. alienus (Walker), and J. rubriventris Ronderos with J. ecuadorica (Hebard); the new combinations Jivarus ecuadorica (Ronderos) and Maylasacris montanus (Ronderos) are proposed. Keys to the species of the genera and a review of the morphological characters defining the taxa are provided. The patterns of distribution of the clades depicted in the cladistic analysis coincide with the geography of the northern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. Areas of the endemism of the Jivarus species groups and Maylasacris are delimited by both the high altitude curves, including transverse zones, and the drier climates of the intra Andean valleys, clearly indicating post glacial recent paleogeography, as shown also in the vegetation distributional patterns. The edition of this paper has been specially formatted with many embedded links to images of type and paratype specimens, maps based on geo referenced specimen data and species keys available on the Orthoptera Species file online (http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org).