INFIVE   05416
INSTITUTO DE FISIOLOGIA VEGETAL
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Results of three decades of breeding research on tree willows in Argentina
Autor/es:
LUQUEZ V; LOVAL SABRINA; CERRILLO T; MONTEOLIVA S
Lugar:
Buenos Aires
Reunión:
Simposio; 7TH International Poplar Symposium (IPC); 2018
Institución organizadora:
INTA
Resumen:
In a global context, Argentina is displayed prominently in productivity of tree willows plantations (for sawing, pulp and paper, particleboards, and potential for other applications, as bioenergy and environmental services), due to favorable environmental conditions to cultivation development. The Paraná River Delta (located between 32° 5´ - 34° 29´ S and 58° 22´ - 60° 45´ W) is the core region of willow production. Other regions have good potential, as North Patagonia (between 39º 01? 12?? S. and 67º 40? 04? W) and Salado River Basin (35° 44′S and 57° 21′ W). The country has developed research for improvement of traits of interest observed in these species; the first strategies were carried out by INTA in 1952, obtaining improved willow clones for farmers and industries. As new needs were arising for industries and foresters, an updated breeding program was developed at the end of the ?80s, with public-private arrangements. More than 20.000 ortets were developed by crossing parents corresponding to Salix alba L., S. amygdaloides Anders., S. bondplandiana H.B.K., S. babylonica L., S. jessoensis Seemen, S. matsudana Koidtz, S. nigra Marsh; considering volume yield, disease and pest resistance, flooding tolerance and wood quality as the main traits. More than 200 genotypes were evaluated in field trials, after previous selection phases. As result, 9 new clones of S. matsudana x S. alba and S. matsudana x S. nigra crossings and from open-pollination (S. alba, S. nigra and S. matsudana) have been released and are being adopted by forest companies and smallholders. In 10-years old trials, in medium-quality sites in Delta region, the improved clones showed a mean annual increase in volume (MAI) of 22 m3.ha-1.yr-1, that represents a 45% more than traditional clones. There are 12 experimental clones in advanced stages and 100 genotypes in the first steps. S. matsudana, S. alba, S. nigra and S. amygdaloides genotypes showed the best results in trial fields in Delta. In North Patagonia, experimental genotypes originated in S. matsudana x S. alba crossings are showing the best performance, in 5-years old trials. In Salado River Basin, genotypes from S. nigra and S. matsudana x S. nigra origin have the best performance in 5-years old trials. A rapid replacement of varieties is relevant to improve productivity in the coming years, in order to achieve a good level of volume and quality of wood production in a sustainable production system.