Biocompatibility of magnesium particles evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays

A.L. DI VIRGILIO; M. REIGOSA; FERNÁNDEZ LORENZO DE MELE, M

Journal of Biomedical Material Research Part B

Wiley

Año: 2011 vol. 99 p. 111 - 119

1552-4981

Mg is a biodegradable biomaterial which may release particles (MP) to the environment. The possible cytoand genotoxic effects of MP derived from magnesium powder (mesh 325) were analyzed on rat osteosarcoma UMR106 cells in order simulate the effect of Mg debris. Neutral red (NR) incorporation and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining techniques were used as endpoints to analyze the cytotoxic effects at 25?1000 microg/mL concentration range. Genotoxicity was estimated according to micronucleus (MN) formation and the Comet assay (CA). Results showed that MP size changes with time due to corrosion. Changes in lysosomal activity were observed after 24 h only at 1000 microg/mL. Accordingly, AO/EB staining showed a significant decrease in the number of living cells at 500 microg/mL. Transmission electronic microscopy showed MP internalization (60 and 200 nm diameter) in cells after 2-h treatment, whereas no MP was detected after 24 h. A significant dose-dependent increase in MN frequencies was observed at 25?100 microg/mL range (nontoxic range). DNA damage induction was assessed by CA only at 500 microg/mL. Results showed dose-dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of MP on UMR106 cells with different threshold values of MP concentration.