Study of the mycobiota from two La Plata buildings

NATALIA BELLOTTI; ERASMO GÁMEZ ESPINOSA; MARTA CABELLO; CECILIA DEYÁ

Santiago de Chile

Congreso; X Congreso Latinoamericano de Micología; 2020

Asociación Latino Americana de Micología

Fungal deterioration of building materials causes economic losses due to restoration processes and because it affects the health of the people exposed. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain highlydeteriorating fungal strains to carry out studies focused on biodeterioration control. The aim of thisresearch was to study the mycobiota involved in deterioration of facades through the isolation andcharacterization of fungal strains. Samples were taken from bricks and concrete with visiblebiodeterioration of the Cathedral of La Plata and the Experimental Station of the Centro deInvestigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología de Pinturas (CIDEPINT). The isolates were identified tothe lowest possible taxon based on their reproductive, somatic structures and colony culturalcharacteristics. Relative density, apparition relative frequency, and ecological category of fungiisolates were determined. The deteriorating attributes were determined by carbonate dissolutiontest, pigment secretion assay, acid production test and brick weight variation. Taxonomicidentification was confirmed by molecular methods based on the analysis of sequences coding forITS (Internal Transcribed Spacers) rRNA region only in the most deteriorating fungal isolates.Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA 10.0.5®. RStudio 1.1.463® program was used toanalyze the association between certain variables and the mycobiota using Principal ComponentAnalysis (PCA).The conventional microbiological techniques allowed the isolation and identificationof 43 filamentous fungi belonging to phyla Mucoromycota, Ascomycota orBasidiomycota. Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were the taxa with the highestapparition relative frequency and abundance. Aspergillus niger MN371276, Lasiodiplodiatheobromae MN371283, Cladosporium sphaerospermum MN371394, Penicillium communeMN371392 and Arthothelium spectabile MT071822 were the strains with the highest biodeteriorantactivity. Phylogenetic tree showed fungi grouped according to their Family. PCA ordination of fungalisolates according to the variables analyzed. Axis 1 shows relative density, sample place, structuralmaterial, relative frequency, carbonate dissolution and acid production with 27.3 % of variation. Onthe other hand, axis 2 shows that 20.1% corresponded to the variation of brick weight, pigmentsecretion and the recollection height. These strains can be used in studies on biodeteriorationcontrol of buildings materials.