IMBICE   05372
INSTITUTO MULTIDISCIPLINARIO DE BIOLOGIA CELULAR
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
artículos
Título:
Regulating survival and development in the retina: key roles for simple sphingolipids
Autor/es:
ROTSTEIN NP.; MIRANDA GE.; ABRAHAN CE.; GERMAN OL.
Revista:
JLR PAPERS IN PRESS
Editorial:
AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
Referencias:
Año: 2010 vol. 51 p. 1247 - 1272
ISSN:
0022-2275
Resumen:
Abstract Many sphingolipids have key functions in the
regulation of crucial cellular processes. Ceramide (Cer) and
sphingosine (Sph) induce growth arrest and cell death in
multiple situations of cellular stress. On the contrary, sphingosine-
1-phosphate (S1P), the product of Sph phosphorylation,
promotes proliferation, differentiation, and survival in
different cell systems. This review summarizes the roles of
these simple sphingolipids in different tissues and then analyzes
their possible functions in the retina. Alterations in
proliferation, neovascularization, differentiation, and cell
death are critical in major retina diseases and collective evidence
points to a role for sphingolipids in these processes.
Cer induces infl ammation and apoptosis in endothelial and
retinal pigmented epithelium cells, leading to several retinopathies.
S1P can prevent this death but also promotes cell
proliferation that might lead to neovascularization and fi -
brosis. Recent data support Cer and Sph as crucial mediators
in the induction of photoreceptor apoptosis in diverse
models of oxidative damage and neurodegeneration, and
suggest that regulating their metabolism can prevent this
death. New evidence proposes a central role for S1P controlling
photoreceptor survival and differentiation. Finally,
this review discusses the ability of trophic factors to
regulate sphingolipid metabolism and transactivate S1P signaling
pathways to control survival and development in retina
photoreceptors.