Pre- and post-Columbian gene and cultural continuity: the case of the Gaucho from southern Brazil

MARRERO AR; BRAVI CM; STUART S; LONG JC; KOMMERS T.; PEREIRA DAS NEVES LEITE F.; CARVALHO CMB; PENA SDJ; RUIZ-LINARES A; SALZANO FM; BORTOLINI MC

Human Heredity

Karger

Lugar: Basel; Año: 2007 vol. 64 p. 160 - 171

Objective: To investigate the evolutionary and demographic history of the Gaucho, a distinct population of southern Brazil, relating it to their culture, to assess possible parallel continuity. Methods: Six binary polymorphisms, an Alu insertion polymorphism (YAP) and 12 short tandem repeat loci in the non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome, as well as the sequence of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region were studied in 150 unrelated males born in the Pampa region of Rio Grande do Sul. Results: Comparison of the results with the other Brazilian and Uruguayan populations, as well as with their putative ancestors, indicated a stronger male Spanish influence than that observed elsewhere in Brazil, a former Portuguese colony. Extensive mtDNA analyses of their Amerindian component gave clear indications of the presence there of material from extinct (Charrua), as well as extant (Guarani) tribes. Conclusions: The genetic analyses contributed in a significant way to reveal that the known cultural continuity between pre- and post-Columbian Pampa populations was also accompanied by an extraordinary genetic continuity.