CONFERENCIA PLENARIA. Postnatal Consequences of impaired development in maternal diabetes

JAWERBAUM A

Puerto Varas

Congreso; VII SLIMP Latin American Symposium on Maternal Fetal Interaction and Placenta; 2017

Intrauterine programming of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases occurs in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. To understand the mechanisms of induction of these alterations animal models of diabetes and pregnancy are required. In our lab we have found that the offspring of mild diabetic rats have increased markers of a pro-oxidant/pro-inflammatory state in their hearts from the neonatal stage, alterations evident in a sex-dependent manner. Besides, the offspring of mild diabetic rats have increased circulating lipid levels from day 21 of age although increased circulating glucose concentrations from the fifth month of age. Interestingly, if normoglycemic three month-old offspring of pregestational diabetic rats are mated with control males, the pregnant rats develop gestational diabetes (GDM). This in utero-programmed GDM model shows increased pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant markers in the fetal liver and placenta. Besides, maternal treatments with mitochondrial antioxidants during the F0 pregnancy of mild diabetic rats prevent the increase in pro-oxidant/pro-inflammatory markers in the heart of the offspring as well as in the fetal liver and the placenta of the pregnant offspring that develop GDM. Moreover, diets enriched in unsaturated fatty acids capable of activating PPAR nuclear receptors, administered to mild diabetic rats during pregnancy (F0 generation), reduce the pro-oxidant/pro-inflammatory state in the heart of the weanling offspring, prevent aberrant lipid accumulation in the heart of the adult offspring, and prevent fetal overweight and increased pro-oxidant/pro-inflammatory markers in the placenta from the female offspring that develop GDM. These results point to oxidative stress as a relevant mechanism involved in intrauterine programming in maternal diabetes and highlight the ability of treatments with antioxidant capacity to ameliorate the impact of adverse intrauterine programming