SIMPOSIO: Lipid metabolism in maternal diabetes. Role of PPARs activation.

JAWERBAUM A

Rosario

Congreso; L Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Argentina de Investigación en Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; 2014

SAIB

Maternal diabetes impairs feto-placental development and induces intrauterine programming of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand activated transcription factors that regulate metabolic, anti-inflammatory and developmental processes. In maternal diabetes, the induced metabolic impairments, intrauterine pro-inflammatory environment and developmental defects make PPARs a relevant focus of investigation. The three PPAR isotypes (PPARalpha, PPARgamma and PPARdelta) are expressed and relevant in the placenta, and the expression of PPARalpha and PPARgamma is altered in the placenta of experimental models of diabetes and diabetic patients. PPARs activation in the placenta has relevant function in the regulation of lipid metabolism and lipoperoxidation. In fetuses from diabetic rats, lipid metabolism, lipoperoxidation and several pro-inflammatory markers are regulated by the activation of the three PPAR isotypes. Impaired formation of arachidonic acid derivatives that activate PPARs is observed in diabetic intrauterine tissues. Maternal treatments enriched in unsaturated fatty acids are capable of activating PPARs in fetuses and placentas. Our results show that the intrauterine activation of PPARs leads to the regulation of impairments in lipid homeostasis, pro-inflammatory pathways and growth in placentas and fetuses from experimental models of diabetes in pregnancy. Moreover, their regulatory effects are evident also in the offspring of diabetic animals.