CEFYBO   02669
CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS FARMACOLOGICOS Y BOTANICOS
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Dietary Supplementation with olive oil to pregnant dams with T1D reduces predisposition to T2D in male offspring
Autor/es:
CHANG Y, CAPOBIANCO E, JAWERBAUM A, ARANY E.
Lugar:
Budapest
Reunión:
Congreso; 46th Annual Meeting, Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (DPSG), EASD; 2014
Institución organizadora:
DPSG
Resumen:
Maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) impacts fetal development and results in glucose intolerance later in life. Previous research in our laboratory, has shown that dietary supplementation with 6% olive oil  (enriched with 34% oleic acid) given during pregnancy to diabetic rats increased the numbers of term births and decreased neonatal malformations by reducing the inflammatory intrauterine environment. This was mediated through the activation of PPARä, a nuclear receptor essential for placental development embryonic stem cell proliferation and implantation. Oleic acid a ligand of PPARä has been shown to lower LDL and total cholesterol levels, and it has beneficial effects in terms of blood sugar control as well as reducing insulin resistance. In this study we examined its effects on neonatal pancreatic development and its impacts in early adulthood. T1DM was rendered by injecting rats with either streptozotocin (90 mg/kg) diluted with fresh citrate buffer or citrate buffer alone at 2 days after birth. Females with glycemia >than 130 mg/ml were mated with normal male rats and at gestation day 0.5 were fed with control chow diet (D), diet supplemented with 6% olive oil (D+O). A control non-diabetic group fed with (C) and (C+O) was also studied.  Body weight, pancreas weight, fasting glycemia and pancreas were collected at day 2 and 4 months of age. Differences in body and pancreas weight between all groups were not statistically significant. However, fasting glycemia was higher in the D and similar to C in the D+O. Dual immunohistochemistry was performed to detect á and â cells in islets and morphometric analysis was carried out to study islet area, beta and alpha cell area, beta cell mass and islet distribution by size. Immunofluorescence was carried out in order to detect the presence of PPARs in the pancreas. Our data showed that the percentage of islet area, beta and alpha cell area and beta cell mass at day 2 postnatal was not statistically significant between all groups. However at 4 months we showed that olive oil supplementation had a restorative effect on islet and beta cell area, as well as beta cell mass with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the number of large islets and beta cell clusters than D.  PPARá was detected in islets and were co-localized to alpha cells. Preliminary data showed that PPAR alpha was co-localized but its role remains uncertain. Therefore, we conclude that olive oil, by increasing islet area, b cell area, b cell mass, number of islets and b cell clusters and with a fasting glycemia similar to C is potentially delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes compared to the D male offspring. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms. Overall, these findings addressed the importance of the quality of the diet in mothers with type 1 diabetes to prevent disease on their offspring.