An extra virgin olive oil‐enriched diet improves maternal, placental and cord blood parameters in GDM pregnancies

DIAZ, ESTEBAN; FORNES, DAIANA; CAPOBIANCO, EVANGELINA; GOMEZ RIBOT, DALMIRO; GÓMEZ, HEBE LORENA; GRESTA, CARLOS ALBERTO; FAZIO, MARÍA VICTORIA; MACCHI, SILVIA BEATRIZ; JAWERBAUM, ALICIA

DIABETES/METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS.

JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD

Año: 2020 vol. e36 p. 1 - 10

1520-7552

Aims: To address the effect of a diet enriched in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on maternal metabolic parameters and placental proinflammatory markers in Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients.Methods: Pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation were enrolled: 33 GDM patients which were randomly assigned or not to the EVOO-enriched group and 17 healthy controls. Metabolic parameters were determined. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ and PPARα protein expression, expression of microRNA (miR)-130a and miR-518d (which respectively target these PPAR isoforms) and levels of proinflammatory markers were evaluated in term placentas. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity was evaluated in term placentas and umbilical cord blood.Results: GDM patients that received the EVOO-enriched diet showed reduced pregnancy weight gain (GDM-EVOO:10.3±0.9, GDM:14.2±1.4, P=0.03) and reduced triglyceridemia (GDM-EVOO:231±14, GDM:292±21, P=0.02) compared to the non-EVOO-enriched GDM group. In GDM placentas, the EVOO-enriched diet did not regulate PPARγ protein expression or miR-130a expression, but prevented the reduced PPARα protein expression (P=0.02 vs GDM) and the increased miR-518d expression (P=0.009 vs GDM). Increased proinflammatory markers (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide overproduction) in GDM placentas were prevented by the EVOO-enriched diet (respectively P=0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.01 vs GDM). MMPs overactivity was prevented in placenta and umbilical cord blood in the EVOO-enriched GDM group (MMP-9: respectively P=0.01 and P=0.001 vs GDM).Conclusions: A diet enriched in EVOO in GDM patients reduced maternal triglyceridemia and weight gain and has anti-inflammatory properties in placenta and umbilical cord blood, possibly mediated by the regulation of PPAR pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Keywords: anti-inflammatory effects; dietary treatment; fetal programming; maternal diabetes; monounsaturated fatty acids.