CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos

The endocannabinoid system (eCS) is a complex system comprised by the main endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 as well as the biosynthetic and degrading enzymes. Cumulative evidence shows that the eCS plays an important role in reproduction, from egg fertilization to parturition. Therefore, alterations in this system, caused by the use of cannabis or by deregulation of the endogenous cannabinoids, can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including retardation in embryo development, poor implantation, inhibition of decidualization, miscarriage, and compromised placenta development. The molecular mechanisms by which the eCS participates in the different aspects of pregnancy remain poorly understood. In this review we examine the evidence from animal and human studies supporting the role of the eCS in implantation, early-to-late pregnancy and placentation, as well as the difficulties of targeting this system for treatment of female infertility.