IFEVA   02662
INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES FISIOLOGICAS Y ECOLOGICAS VINCULADAS A LA AGRICULTURA
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
artículos
Título:
Chemical ecology mediated by fungal endophytes in grasses.
Autor/es:
SAIKKONEN, K.; GUNDEL, P.E. & M. HELANDER.
Revista:
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
Editorial:
SPRINGER
Referencias:
Lugar: Berlin; Año: 2013 vol. 39 p. 962 - 968
ISSN:
0098-0331
Resumen:
Defensive mutualismis
widely accepted as providing the best framework for understanding how
seed-transmitted, alkaloid producing fungal endophytes of grasses are
maintained in many host populations. Here, we first briefly review current knowledge
of bioactive alkaloids produced by systemic grass-endophytes. New findings
suggest that chemotypic diversity of the endophyte-grass symbiotum is far more
complex, involving multifaceted signaling and chemical cross-talk between endophyte
and host cells (e.g., reactive oxygen species and antioxidants) or between
plants, herbivores, and their natural enemies (e.g., volatile organic
compounds, and salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways). Accumulating
evidence also suggests that the tight relationship between the systemic
endophyte and the host grass can lead to the loss of grass traits when the lost
functions, such as plant defense to herbivores, are compensated for by an
interactive endophytic fungal partner. Furthermore, chemotypic diversity of a
symbiotum appears to depend on the endophyte and the host plant life histories,
as well as on fungal and plant genotypes, abiotic and biotic environmental
conditions, and their interactions. Thus, joint approaches of (bio)chemists,
molecular biologists, plant physiologists, evolutionary biologists, and
ecologists are urgently needed to fully understand the endophyte-grass
symbiosis, its coevolutionary history, and ecological importance. We propose
that endophyte-grass symbiosis provides an excellent model to study microbially
mediated multirophic interactions from molecular mechanisms to ecology.