New sylvatic hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi and reservoir competence in the humid Argentinean Chaco: A longitudinal study

OROZCO MM; ENRIQUEZ GF; ALVARADO OTEGUI JA; CARDINAL MV; SCHIJMAN AG; KITRON U; GURTLER RE

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE

AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE

Lugar: Stanford; Año: 2013 vol. 88 p. 872 - 888

0002-9637

A four-year longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the structure of sylvatic transmission cycles of Trypanosoma cruzi, assess reservoir host competence and identify parasite discrete typing units (DTUs) in a disturbed rural area of the humid Argentinean Chaco. Among 190 mammals examined by xenodiagnosis and polymerase chain reaction amplification, the composite prevalence of infection was substantially higher in Dasypus novemcinctus armadillos (57.7%) and Didelphis albiventris opossums (38.1%) than in Euphractus sexcinctus (20.0%), Tolypeutes matacus (12.5%) and Chaetophractus vellerosus (6.3%) armadillos. T. cruzi was detected for the first time inThylamys pusilla opossums and in two unidentified small rodents. Infection was spatially aggregated only in armadillos. All Didelphis were infected with T. cruzi I and all armadillo species with T. cruzi III, implying two distinct sylvatic cycles with no inputs from the domestic cycle. Dasypus armadillos and Didelphis opossums were much more infectious to vectors than other armadillos, opossums or rodents.