CADIC   02618
CENTRO AUSTRAL DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Are invasive beavers the largest threat to sub-Antarctic forests in the Holocene? a landscape-level analysis
Autor/es:
ANDERSON, CB; VALENZUELA, A; WALLEM, PK; MARTÍNEZ PASTUR, G; LENCINAS, MV; SIMANONOK, MP
Lugar:
Mar del Plata
Reunión:
Conferencia; BIOLIEF 2011 - 2nd World Conference on Biological Invasions and Ecosystem Functioning; 2011
Institución organizadora:
Universidad de Mar del Plata
Resumen:
South Americas sub-Antarctic ecoregion hosts
the worlds southernmost forests and the largest extent of temperate ecosystems
and ice fields south of the equator. Its remoteness kept it isolated from many
modern environmental threats, including nutrient deposition and habitat fragmentation.
Yet, the phenomenon of introduced species does affect this region; in the
Fuegian Archipelago, the terrestrial mammalian assemblage is dominated 2:1 by
exotics. The American beaver is believed to cause the largest impacts. To
assess this assertion, we compared beavers effects on stream benthic richness,
assemblage and biomass in natural lotic (forested and grassland streams) and lentic
(bogs, lakes) habitats and compared them to disturbed habitats (streams
affected by forestry management, beaver ponds and beaver meadows) at the habitat
and landscape-scales by a) calculating the extent of invasion (% impacted
stream length) and b) modeling natural and engineered landscapes for diversity
and ecosystem function. Beavers invaded 30-50% of the streams, causing
retention of organic material (+40-115%). At the patch-scale, exotic beaver
impacts were predictable from studies in their native range (decreases in
richness and increases in productivity). Timber harvesting with a riparian
buffer had no detectable impact on benthos, while beaver invasion (ponds and
meadows) significantly altered assemblages, but were not significantly different
than those in natural lentic habitats, indicating that influence on assemblages
at the landscape-scale was less. In contrast, the effect on stream function changed
carbon dynamics. Since engineered patches were similar to natural habitats (bogs
and lakes), beavers did not alter landscape-level community patterns, but
affected ecosystem function.