MACNBR   00242
MUSEO ARGENTINO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES "BERNARDINO RIVADAVIA"
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
artículos
Título:
New remains of Astraponotus (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) and considerations on the astrapothere cranial evolution
Autor/es:
KRAMARZ, A.; BOND, M.; FORASIEPI, A.
Revista:
PALAEONTOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT
Editorial:
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
Referencias:
Año: 2010 p. 1 - 16
ISSN:
0031-0220
Resumen:
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Astraponotus Ameghino, 1901, the only valid Mustersan
(late Eocene) astrapothere, typifies the Ameghinos Capas Astraponotenses.
This taxon is traditionally interpreted as structurally ancestral to all the
Oligocene-Miocene astrapotheriids. However, it was imperfectly known: only
isolated teeth and very partial mandibles have been hitherto described. In this
contribution we provide the first description of the skull, mandible, and
complete dentition of Astraponotus based on new materials from the Gran Hondonada
and other Mustersan localities in central Patagonia, Argentina. The features
observed in the dentition of Astraponotus are intermediate between the
Casamayoran (middle Eocene) and the Oligocene-Miocene astrapotheres in the
degree of hypsodonty, reduction of the dental formula, and development of
accessory occlusal elements. Concordantly, the skull retains some
plesiomorphies, also observed in Trigonostylops, whereas the auditory region
and the basicranium are much closer to those of Parastrapotherium,
Astrapotherium, and Granastrapotherium. On the other hand, the skull of
Astraponotus differs from all known astrapotheres by the disproportioned height
and narrowness of the braincase, the extreme reduction of the nasals and the
premaxillaries, the absence of anteorbital rim, and the reduction of the
frontal region. Some of these features represent cranial specializations
exactly opposite to that of Astrapotherium. These characters look astonishingly
derived for an Eocene astrapothere, suggesting that extreme cranial
specializations occurred independently during the evolution of the Order, and
that Astraponotus represents a distinctive lineage from that of Astrapotherium
and other Miocene forms.